produced less than one-tenth of the product. 

 Of the 26,000 establishments in the U. S. only 

 in 2 is the annual output more than 50 million 

 and in 27 the output runs from 25 to 50 mil- 

 lion. Pennsylvania establishments, principally 

 in Philadelphia, produce 28% of the entire 

 U. S. cigar output ; New York State, principal- 

 ly New York City, comes next with about 20% ; 

 and Ohio, principally Cincinnati, third with 

 about 8%. 



For machine-made goods the principal ma- 

 chines used are the bunch rollers and the suc- 

 tion table. The former rolls the bunch of filler 

 leaves and presses them into shape. The suc- 

 tion table is used for wrapping the cigar. The 

 operator places the wrapper leaf on a per- 

 forated plate. By pressing a foot lever a 

 vacuum is created beneath this plate which 

 holds the leaf smooth and snug against the 

 table. The perforated plate is exactly the 

 form which the wrapper must be to properly 

 fit the cigar. It is easily cut around and 

 trimmed to shape. The bunch from the bunch 

 roller is then quickly encased in the wrapper. 

 Human labor is necessary only to feed the ma- 

 chines and to spread the wrappers. 25,000 

 bunches can easily be wrapped in a week at a 

 cost of $6 to $9 for labor (principally female) 

 and the upkeep of the machine, This in labor 



103 



