The Dutch pipe is similar to the German ex- 

 cept that the stem is long and straight which 

 allows the bowl to rest on the ground. The 

 German pipe is usually held in the hand by the 

 lower bowl. In Turkey and Oriental countries 

 the water pipe is used. This form of pipe 

 originated in Persia. The pipe consists of a 

 receptacle for the tobacco, which has a perfo- 

 rated bottom. This holder fits into a cup from 

 which a hollow tube leads into a jar containing 

 water. The tube passes through the stopper of 

 the jar and descends almost to the bottom of 

 the water. Another tube, the inhaling tube, 

 also passes through the stopper of the jar, but 

 does not reach to the surface of the water. On 

 drawing through the inhaler a vacuum is created 

 in the air space above the surface of the water 

 in the jar which induces suction through the 

 other tube below the water level. The smoke 

 therefore bubbles through the water and is 

 cooled before it reaches the mouth of the 

 smoker. It, however, requires a considerable 

 amount of effort to draw the smoke through. 



Water pipes are used extensively among the 

 batter classes of the East. Some of them are 

 very gorgeous affairs, the bowls being of the 

 richest crystal and the fittings gold or silver set 

 with gems. Sometimes they have several smok- 

 ing tubes so as to accommodate more than one 



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