PLANTING, FENCING, STAKING 25 



sufficient to stake the trees without having 

 recourse to guards, Ash poles, from 2 to 3 

 inches in diameter, and loft, high, should 

 be driven firmly into the ground as close to 

 the stem as possible. The tree should be 

 tied with specially prepared tar rope, which 

 should be crossed between the stem and stake 

 to prevent damage by chafing. From time 

 to time it will be necessary to see that the 

 band of string does not become too tight. 

 On rare occasions only is it necessary to stake 

 shrubs, but this is sometimes needed in ex- 

 posed positions or in the case of shrubs of 

 unusually large size. 



WATERING AND AFTER MANAGEMENT. 

 For a few years after being planted, trees 

 and shrubs will require a certain amount of 

 attention in the matter of watering and 

 mulching during prolonged heat and drought, 

 as also preventing the evils attending exces- 

 sive wind-swaying by the stakes and moor- 

 ings becoming defective. 



The goat and wood leopard moth, as also 

 numerous kinds of caterpillars, attack newly 



