PRUNING OF TREES AND SHRUBS 37 



grandiflora must be severely pruned in early 

 spring, for only by so doing will the 

 greatest wealth of flowers be produced. 

 Chimonanthus fragrans should be pruned in 

 February; while the various species of 

 Ceanothus should not be touched till all 

 danger of frost is past. Kerria japonic a 

 should be pruned in autumn, when old wood 

 may be cut away. 



All pruning operations should be care- 

 fully carried out with a sharp knife and not 

 with the pruning shears, the point of ampu- 

 tation being always close to an eye or bud. 

 Too severe pruning should be avoided, a 

 judicious thinning out of the branches being 

 far preferable to indiscriminate shearing and 

 cutting back. 



