156 TOXINES AND ANTITOXINES. 



lysis, and also, especially on intravenous injection, acceleration 

 of the pulse and lowering of the blood-pressure. Introduced 

 per os it is harmless. 



VINCENT 1 found that filtered cultures of EBERTH'S bacillus 

 were very poisonous when injected into the cranium, and that 

 even animals rendered immune to typhoid were not protected 

 against its action. 



Hens and pigeons are almost refractory, while other animals 

 show varying degrees of susceptibility. Rabbits are three times 

 as susceptible as guinea-pigs. 



Soluble poisons were also found by MARTIN 2 in filtered 

 typhoid cultivations ; he concluded that the poison retained in 

 the cells was identical with this. He cultivated the bacilli in a 

 bouillon partially prepared from extract of spleen and containing 

 alkali albuminate. 



The collodion capsule method has been tried by RODET and 

 GuECHOFF, 3 but with little success. 



CONRADI 4 obtained typhoid poison by aseptic autolysis of the 

 bacilli, mixing them with a 0*8 per cent, solution of sodium 

 chloride and leaving them for at most forty-eight hours in the 

 incubating chamber. In this way he prepared a solution of a 

 cell-free poison, which in a dose of 2 c.c. killed guinea-pigs in 

 twenty-four hours. 



This method and also that of MACFADYEN and ROWLAND 5 are 

 particularly promising for the elucidation of this question in the 

 future. MACFADYEN triturated the bacteria at the temperature 

 of liquid air and thus obtained a poison that caused acute 

 symptoms, and also, according to his preliminary experiments, 

 produced antitoxic immunity. 



This typhoid endotoxine has been described more fully by 

 MACFADYEN 6 in a detailed investigation recently published. It 

 was found to be very poisonous. In immunisation experiments 



1 Vincent, "Inoculation intercranielle du bacille Eberth, &c.," Soc. BioL, 

 lv., 1214, 1903. 



2 Martin, "Die chem. Prod. path. Bakt.," Wien. med. Blatter, 1898, 

 No. 25 et seq. 



3 Rodet, A. and G. Guechoff, "Versuche die Methode der Kollodium- 

 sackchen auf die Kenntnis der toxischen Produkte des Eberthschen Bacillus 

 und des B. coli anzuwenden," Soc. BioL, lii., 962, 965, 1900. 



4 Conradi, " Ueber losliche, durch aseptische Autolyse erhaltene Gift- 

 stoffe," Deutsch. med. Woch., 1903, No. 2. 



5 Macfadyen and Rowland, "An intracellular Toxine of the Typhoid 

 Bacillus," Proc. Roy. Soc., Ixxi., 77, 1902, also Centralbl. f. Bakt., xxxiv., 

 618, 1903. 



6 Macfadyen, " t)ber das Vorkommen intracellularer Toxine," Z. fur 

 allgem. Phys., iii., 303, 1904. 



