344 THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE ANIMAL WORLD 



Extinction of groups, Cuvier 

 on, 14 



Lamarck on, 29 



Trilobites, Ammonites, etc., 

 231, 267 



FAUNAS changed by migration, 

 121 



Cuvier 's views on, 14 



migration of, 22, 121 

 Fishes, armoured, 94 



Darwin on primitive forms, 

 4i 



earliest appearance of, 247, 

 252 



Ganoid of the Primary ages, 

 41, 241, 255, 321 



Gaudry on evolution of 

 bony fishes, 98, etc. 



Lamarck on, 31 



Selachians, etc., 321 



Silurian (Murchison's dis- 

 coveries), 247 



Fittest, survival, not origin of, 



80 



Foraminifera, 17, 163, 194, 222 

 Formenreihe, 67 

 Forms, groups of varieties, 



etc., 147 

 Fossils, views of Greeks and 



Romans on, 3 



views of Middle Ages on, 4 

 Frogs, Cope on transitions be- 

 tween certain families of the 

 Batrachians, 80 



Functional adaptations, Ko- 

 walevsky and Cope, 103 



Fungi (myxomycetous), Hae- 

 ckel on, 45 



Fusulines (Foraminifera), 227 



GALECYNUS, 313 



Ganoids (see also under Fishes) 



41, 51, 57, 241, 255, 321 

 Garnieria (Ammonites), 161 

 Gastreada stage of Haeckel, 



55 



Gastreades, Haeckel' s hypo- 

 thetical group, 46 



Gastropods, Bellardi on Mio- 

 cene and Pliocene of North 

 Italy, 139-40 



traces of youthful stages, 



257 



Gastrula, Haeckel on, 46, 47 

 Genealogical table of Lamarck, 



30 



Genyohyus, 317 

 Geosynclinals, Dana on, 333 

 Germ - plasm, Weismann's 



theory of the " continuity " 



of, 266 



Gigantostraca, 50, 246, 320 

 Globigerinae, 222. 

 Glossopetrce, 4 

 Glyptodons, 316 

 Gondwana, continent of, 295, 



302 



Gondwanasaurus , 303 

 Goniatite stage of Ammonites, 



117, 258 et seq. 

 Goniatites (peculiar to Primary 



times), 259 

 Gordians (supposed ancestors 



of gnats, etc., Lamarck's 



view), 30. 



Graptolites, 116, 326 

 Groups, evolution of, to short 



duration attributed to, 107 

 Gryphcea arcuata, 145, 160 



cymbium, 160 



dilatata, 160 



obliqua, 160 



proboscidea, 160 



striata, 145 



vesicularis, 160 



evolution of the family, 160 

 Gymnites, 260 



Gyy acanthus, 198 



HALICORE, 209 

 Halitherium, 208 

 Halobiae, 67 

 HamulincB, 215 



Hares, European and North 

 African contrasted, 126, 135 

 Hatteria, 247 



pineal eye of, 218 



