116 



of 



two kinds of teeth, arranged in oblique rows; 

 those in front of the mouth being sharp, 

 angular, and pointed ; while those in the 

 middle and back part of the jaw are flat and 

 broad ; the former evidently adapted for 

 seizing the food, and the latter for erushing 

 and bruising it. Specimens of the Ccstracion 

 P/iillipsii may be seen, with most of the other 

 formidable Fixed-gilled Chondropterygii to 

 which it belongs, in the vast collection of 

 the British Museum ; while in the Museum 

 of the College of Surgeons dissections and 

 preparations of parts may be seen in great 

 abundance. 



CESTUM. A marine animal belonging 

 to the Acalepfia ciliograda and bearing a 

 near resemblance to Beriie. It is a very 

 long gelatinous ribbon, having one of the 

 sides furnished with two rows of ciliae ; and 

 near the sides of the mouth there are two 

 vessels wliich are probably ovaries. 



CETACEA. An order of Mammiferous 

 animals, surpassing in size all others in ex- 

 istence, and inhabiting the sea. Like ter- 

 restrial quadrupeds, they are viviparous, 

 suckle their young, have warm blood, and 

 respire through lungs ; for which purpose 

 they must frequently come to the surface, to 

 take in fresh supplies of air. But though in 

 their anatomical details they are sufficiently 

 distinguished from fishes, it will be seen that 

 these animals have no hind limbs, that the 

 first bones of their anterior extremities are 

 shortened, and the succeeding ones flattened 

 and enveloped in a tendinous membrane, 

 which reduces them to the condition of true 

 fins. The Cetacea are all carnivorous ; but 

 the largest species are supported chiefly by 

 minute Mollusca and Medusae. 



J. E. Gray, F. B. S., and Keeper of the 

 Zoological collections in the British Mu- 

 seum, has published, very recently, an ela- 

 borate monograph of all the Whales in the 

 Zoology of the Voyage of H. M. SS. Erebus 

 and Terror ; and in the Proceedings of the 

 Zoological Society of London for 1847, there 

 are some additional observations and de- 

 scriptions by this very eminent zoologist. 

 [See WHALE.] 



CETONIAD^E. An extensive group of Co- 

 leopterous insects, belonging to the family of 

 Lamellicorn beetles, including several distin- 

 guished for their brilliant colours. Of these, 

 as an example, the common ROSE CHAFEIC 

 (Cetonia aurata) may be cited. This in- 

 sect is nearly an inch long, of a shining green 

 colour above, and coppery-red beneath, with 

 white marks on the elytra. It abounds upon 

 roses, and also upon the flowers of the privet. 

 It flies well, with a considerable humming 

 noise, during the hottest part of the day ; 

 and although it appears to give the pre- 

 ference to roses, it visits other flowers also, 

 and draws from them their honeyed stores. 

 In its larva state, the Rose-beetle feeds upon 

 moist rotten wood, and is often met with 

 under ground in ants' nests. After re- 

 maining about three years in its larva 

 state, it makes a sort of cocoon of chips of 

 wood, glued together by an excretion of its 

 own ; in this, as an inactive pupa, it passes 



the winter, and emerges in the followiiig 

 summer in its perfect form. The insects 

 composing the Cetoniadce are very widely 

 dispersed, but more especially frequent tro- 

 pical climates. 



ROSE CHAFER (cttTOMIA AURATA.) 



Very few of the flower-beetles are de- 

 cidedly injurious to vegetation. Some of 

 them are said to eat leaves ; but the greater 

 number live on the pollen and the honey of 

 flowers, or upon the sap that oozes from the 

 wounds of plants. In the infant or grub 

 state most of them eat only the crumbled 

 substance of decayed roots and stumps ; a 

 few live in the wounds of trees, and by their 

 depredations prevent them from healing, and 

 accelerate the decay of the trunk. 



These beetles (the Cetoniadaf) are gene- 

 rally of an oblong oval form, somewhat flat- 

 tened above, and often brilliantly coloured 

 and highly polished, as in the genus Ages- 

 trata here figured, species of which are found 

 in Ceylon, India, China, and the Philippine 

 Islands. Mr. Cuming informed the writer 

 that the ladies of Ma- 

 nilla kept a very bril- 

 liant metallic green spe- 

 cies, A. luconica, (pre- 

 served in the British 

 Museum collection,) as 

 a pet, in small bamboo 

 cages, which they carried 

 'mama* ^ about with them. They 

 T ' Ir1 fl1 ; are sometimes also co- 

 - vered with hairs. The 



g -I accompanying cut of the 

 Cetonia [Trichostetha'} 

 faseicularis, a native of the Cape of Good 

 Hope, will show another form of this exten- 

 sive group, which is more or less covered with 

 tufts of hair : the thorax is deep black, with 

 four wliite longitudinal lines ; the elytra 

 are green, their sides being furnished with 



