124 



EreaSurp at Natural f^ 



of its strange and varied cries. Darwin's 

 Journal. [See BARKING-BIRD.] 



CHEVALIER. (Totanus glottis.') This 

 Grallatorial bird, which is called by some 

 naturalists the Greenshank, and by others the 

 Green-legged Horseman, is about twelve 

 inches in length, and stands very high on its 

 legs. The bill is long, reddish near the tip, and 

 black near the base ; in summer the top of its 

 head and nape are longitudinally rayed with 

 deep black and white ; the forehead, throat, 

 fore part of the neck, breast, upper part of the 

 belly and the sides are white, sprinkled with 

 oval dusky spots ; the rest of the under parts 

 are pure white, except the under tail-coverts, 

 which have the feathers spotted with black 

 in the direction of the shafts : the greater 

 wing-coverts, and the long feathers which 

 protect the quills, are of a reddish grey, 

 spotted with black ; the rest of the coverts 

 are edged with white, which is followed by 

 a band of brown : the two intermediate tail- 

 feathers are ash-coloured, with transverse 

 brown zig-zag stripes. It frequents lakes, 

 meadows, and the margins of rivers ; and its 

 flesh is very delicate and well-flavoured. 



CHEVROTAIN. [See MUSK DEER.] 



CIIILOGNATHA. The first divsion of 

 Myriapoda. The body is crustaceous, and 

 often cylindrical, the antennae rather thick- 

 ened at the tips : two thick mandibles with- 

 out palpi, distinctly divided into two por- 

 tions ; legs very short, and always termi- 

 nated by a single claw. They crawl very 

 slowly, or rather glide along, rolling them- 

 selves into a spire or ball. The first segment 

 of the body, and in some also the second, is 

 largest, and represents a corselet or small 

 shield. It is only at the fourth, fifth, or 

 sixth segment, in different species, that the 

 duplication of the legs commences ; and the 

 two or three terminal segments are destitute 

 of feet. On this family and the following, 

 George Newport, F.R. S. has published 

 valuable monographs in the Transactions 

 of the Linnaean Society. [See IULUS and 

 CENTIPEDE.] 



CHILOPODA. A division of the class 

 Myriapoda. They are characterized by an- 

 tennae thick at the base, and gradually grow- 

 ing slendertowards the apex ; the mouth con- 

 sists of two mandibles, which are furnished 

 with a palpiform process, and provided at the 

 apex with numerous little denticulations ; 

 covering these is an upper and an under lip ; 

 above which are two palpi, resembling legs 

 by being terminated by a pointed claw ; and 

 covering this under lip is an organ furnished 

 with two lateral processes, each of which is 

 terminated by a large bent claw, through 

 the under part of which a poisonous liquid 

 is said to be ejected. The body is somewhat 

 flattened, composed of numerous segments, 

 defended by plates of a horny substance, 

 and each segment generally furnished with 

 a pair of legs. In hot climates they grow 

 very large, and, from their venomous bite, 

 some of them are truly formidable. They 

 conceal themselves under stones and fallen 

 trees, and are all found in rotten wood. 

 They are nocturnal in their habits, very 



active, and some emit a phosphoric light. 

 [See ScoLorENDRA ; CENTIPEDE, &c.] 



CHIMERA. There are two species of 

 this very singular kind of Chondroptery- 

 gious fish, the Northern and the Southern 

 Chimara ; each named after the ocean it in- 

 habits. 



The NORTHERN CHIMERA (CJiimcera JBo- 

 realis\ generally abides in the deepest re- 

 cesses of the sea, and is supposed to prey on 

 the smaller fishes, as well as on the various 

 sorts of Mollusca and Testacea. Its usual 

 length is from three to four feet ; the body 

 is long, compressed, and gradually tapering 

 towards the tail, which is continued into a 

 long and slender filament : the head is very 

 large and thick, rising up in front into a 

 kind of pyramidal form ; and at the top of 

 the head, in the male fish, is a short upright 

 process resembling a tuft. The mouth, 

 placed beneath, is furnished in each jaw with 

 a pair of broad, bony laminae, notched in 

 the margin into a resemblance of numerous 

 teeth ; while in front, both above and below, 

 stand two large sub-triangular teeth : the 

 upper lip is divided into five clefts ; the front, 

 from the mouth to the eyes, is marked by 

 transverse undulations and pores; a line runs 

 across the forehead, and is continued in a 

 serpentine course into the lateral line, which 

 is very strongly marked, of a whitish colour, 

 with dark edges, and runs to the tip of the 

 tail : the eyes are very large and bright, of 

 a greenish colour, with silvery irides. The 

 body above the lateral line is of a yellowish 

 brown, and of a bright silver colour beneath 

 it, variegated with numerous irregular spots. 

 The fins are yellowish-brown, varied with 

 darker shades : the first dorsal and the pec- 

 toral fins are large and subtriangular ; the 

 ventral, similarly shaped, are smaller ; and 

 at the base of each, in the males is a length- 

 ened sub-cylindric process, roughened by 

 numerous sharp prominences in a reversed 

 direction. The flesh of the Chimaera is 

 coarse, and unfit to be eaten The SOUTHERN 

 CHIMERA (.Chimcera Australis) is nearly of 

 the size of the preceding species, but with 

 the front sloping downwards, and the upper 

 lip extended into a lengthened cartilaginous 

 flap, bending downwards in a reversed di- 

 rection beneath : general colour of the whole 

 fish silvery, with a yellowish-brown cast on 

 the upper parts : fins pale brown. Its man- 

 ner of life is similar to that of the Chimcera 

 Borealis in the Northern Hemisphere. 



CHIMNEY SWEEPER [MOTHS]. A 

 name given by collectors to Moths of the 

 genus Fumea. 



CHIMPANZEE. (Pitkecus troglodytes.') 

 Cuvier placed the Oran-Outang foremost in 

 the rank of QUADRUMANA, but later natu- 



