Bictionarg of gnimatrtr Mature. 135 



anstralis appears to be equally abundant in 

 the polar regions of the southern hemi- 

 sphere. 



CLOTHO. A genus of spiders, which inha- 

 bit Egypt and the south of Europe, remark- 

 able for the curious nest or habitation which 

 it constructs for its young. This is indeed 

 a singular genus. The best known species 

 ( Clotho Durandii) is about half an inch long, 

 of a brown maroon colour, with the abdomen 

 black, marked with five yellowish spots. It 

 constructs on the under side of stones, or in 

 crevices of rocks, a cocoon in the shape of a 

 cap or patella, an inch in diameter, its cir- 

 cumference having seven or eight festoons ; 

 the points alone being fixed to the stone by 



means of threads, w 



ng tixt 

 whilst 



of the 



festoons are free. This singular tent, the 

 outer surface resembling the finest taftety, 

 is composed of a number of folds. When 

 young it only constructs two layers, between 

 which it takes its station. But subsequently, 

 perhaps at each moulting.it adds other folds, 

 and when the period of reproduction arrives 

 it weaves another apartment expressly for 

 the reception of the sacs of eggs, and young 

 when hatched, of a softer texture. The in- 

 side of its habitation is always remarkably 

 clean. The bags in which the eggs are 

 placed are four, five, or six in number in 

 each habitation ; they are about one-third 

 of an inch in diameter, and of a lenticular 

 form. The eggs are not deposited till about 

 the end of December or in January, and 

 they are enveloped in fine down to guard 

 them from the cold. The edges of the fes- 

 toons not being fastened together, the insect 

 is able to creep in and out at will by lifting 

 them up. When the young are able to dis- 

 pense with the maternal cares, they quit 

 their common habitation and form separate 

 abodes, and their parent dies in her tent 

 which is thus its birthplace and its tomb. 



CLOUDED YELLOW [BUTTERFLY] 

 A name applied by insect collectors to But- 

 terflies of the genus Colias. 

 CLUPEA: CLUPEIDJE. A genus and 



lented, and by its more slender thighs. The 

 lead is yellow, with the antennae and the 

 yes reddish black ; the thorax is black, with 

 wo transverse yellow spots on each side ; 

 he wing-covers, for about two- thirds of their 

 ength, are black, the remaining third is 

 yellow, and they are ornamented with bands 

 and spots arranged in the following manner: 

 a yellow spot on each shoulder, a broad yel- 

 ow curved band or arch, of which the yellow 

 scutel forms the key-stone, on the base of 

 the wing-covers, behind tliis a zigzag yellow 

 band forming the letter W, across the mid- 

 dle another yellow band arching backwards, 

 and on the yellow tip a curved band and a 

 jlack spot ; the legs are yellow ; and the 

 under-side of the body is reddish yellow, 

 variegated with brown. It is the largest 

 known species of Clytus, being from nine to 

 eleven tenths of an inch in length, and three 

 or four tenths in breadth. It lays its eggs 

 on the trunk of the maple in July and Au- 

 gust. The grubs burrow into the bark as 

 soon as they are hatched, and are thus pro- 

 tected during the winter. In the spring 



they penetrate deeper, and form, 

 course of the summer, long and 



n the 

 nding 



galleries in the wood, up and down the trunk. 

 In order to check their devastations, they 

 should be sought for in the spring, when 

 they will readily be detected by the saw- 

 dust that they cast out of their burrows ; 

 and, by a judicious use of a knife and stiff 

 wire, they may be cut out or destroyed be- 

 fore they have gone deeply into the wood. 

 Many kinds of Clytus frequent flowers, for 

 the sake of the pollen which they devour 



y e 

 Nort 



CLYTUS PICTUS. This other North Ame- 

 rican species has the form of the beauti- 

 ful Maple Clytus. It is velvet black, and or- 

 namented with transverse yellow bands, of 

 which there are three on the head, four on the 

 thorax, and six on the wing-covers, the tips of 

 which are also edged with yellow. The first 

 and second bands on each wing-cover are 

 nearly straight; the third band forms a ~V,or, 

 united with the opposite one, a W, as in the 

 C. speciosus ; thi -------- ----- 



runs upwards on the inner margin of the 



family of Malacopterygious fishes ; distm- j w i ng . cover towards the scutel ; the fifth is 



guished by tfteir wanting the adipose fin, by 

 having the upper jaw composed of the inter- 

 maxillary bones in the middle, and the 

 maxillaries at the sides, and by the body 



wing-cover towards te scute ; te s 



broken or interruped by a longitudinal ele- 

 vated line ; and the sixth is arched, and 

 consists of three little spots. The antennae 

 dark brown ; and the legs are rust-red. 



being always covered with scales. To this These insect! . vary from six-tenths to three 

 genus belong the Herring, Sprat, Shad, quarters of an ^ in length. We are in- 

 Whitebait, &c. [which see]. formed by Dr. Harris, that in the month of 



CLYTUS. A genus of Longicorn Beetles, \ September these beetles gather on the locust- 

 aboundin" in species. A few species 7. | trees, where they may be seen glittering in 

 arietis arfd C. arcuatus) are found in this I the sunbeams with their gorgeous livery of 

 country; but we prefer quoting, from Dr. ' black velvet and gold, coursing up and down 

 Harris's work, his description of two North j the trunks in pursuit of their mates, or to 

 American species, on account of the interest- j drive away their rivals, and stopping every 

 in" notices of the habits of CLYTUS SI>K- \ now and then to salute those they meet with 

 ciosus: This beautiful Clytus, like the ! a rapid bowing of the shoulders, accompanied 

 other beetles of the genus to which it be- by a creaking sound, indicative of recogni- 

 longs, is a wood-borer ; and the noble su- j tion or defiance. Having paired, the female 

 gar-maple, which is one of the most beau- I atteuded by her partner, creeps over the 

 tiful of American forest-trees, is doomed to ; bark, searching the crevices with her an- 

 jsurt'er from its depredations. The Clytus j tennze, and dropping therein her snow-white 

 is distinguished from a Callidium by its eggs, in clusters of seven or eight together 

 more convex form, its more nearly globular and at intervals of five or six minutes, till 

 thorax, which is neither flattened nor in- | her whole stock is safely stored. The eggs 



s 2 



