783 



take up mud or gravel from the bottom of 



rivers, &c. 

 DUODENUM. The first portion of the small 



intestines. 

 DUPLICATE-PECTINATE. When the antennae 



are bipectinate with the branches on each 



side alternately long and short. 

 DUPLICATILE. Folded transversely, as the 



wings of some coleopterous insects. 

 DUPLICATIONS (generally of the skin}. Re- 

 gular wrinkles or folds. 



ECDYSIS. A sloughing or moulting of the 

 skin, as in serpents and caterpillars. 



ECHINATED. Set with spines, or bristled, 

 like a hedgehog ; when the surface is 

 covered with pustules produced into spines. 



ECHIMTE. A calcareous petrifaction of the 

 echinus or sea-hedgehog. 



EDENTULOUS. Toothless. 



EDENTATE. EDENTATED. Destitute or de- 

 prived of teeth. 



EDRIOPUTHALMA. The Crustacea with sessile 

 eyes. 



EFFLORESCENT. Shooting into white spi- 

 culas, forming a white dust on the sur- 

 face. 



EFFUSE. Having the lips (of a shell) sepa- 

 rated by a groove or channel. 



EGEST. To void, as excrement. 



EGO. A body formed in the females of birds 

 and certain other animals, containing an 

 embryo or foetus of the game species, or a 

 substance from which a like animal is 

 produced. The eggs of fish and some 

 other animals are united by a viscous 

 substance, and called spawn. Most reptiles 

 and insects are oviparous. 



EJECT. To discharge through the natural 

 passages or emunctuaries ; to evacuate. 



ELABORATING. Improved by successive 

 operations. 



ELEMENT. The substance which forms the 

 natural or most suitable habitation of an 

 animal ; as, water is the proper element of 

 fishes : air, of man. 



ELEPHANTINE. Pertaining to or resembling 

 the elephant ; huge. 



ELLIPSOID. Having the longitudinal section 

 elliptical, and the transverse circular. 



ELLIPTIC. Oval, but having the longitudinal 

 diameter more than twice the length of the 

 transverse. 



ELONGATED. Lengthened ; extended to a 

 considerable length. 



ELYTRA. The external wings, or wing-cases, 

 of coleopterous and other insects. They 

 are called coriaceous when composed of a 

 tough, leathery substance, which will bend 

 readily without breaking, but will never 

 fold naturally ; semi-coriaceous when the 

 basal portion of them is leathery, and the 

 apical portion membranaceous and trans- 

 parent ; and reticulated when they are 

 covered by an infinity of nervures crossing 

 each other in every direction, as is ex- 

 emplified in the Dragon-flies. 



EMARGINATE. EMARGINATED. Notched or 

 hollowed out ; applied to the edges or mar- 

 gins of shells, when, instead of being level, 

 they are hollowed out ; notched round the 

 edges ; when the end has an obtuse notch 

 taken out. 



EMBOSSED. Having several parts of a dif- 

 ferent shape and higher than the rest of 

 the surface. 



EMBRYO. The first rudiments of an animal 

 in the womb. 



EMUNCTORIES. Parts which serve to carry 

 out of the body noxious particles or excre- 

 mentitious matter. 



ENCEPHALOUS. Having a distinct head ; as 

 the molluscous animals termed Encephalce. 



ENNATON. The ninth segment in insects. 



ENSATE. Gradually tapering till it ends in 

 a point. 



ENSIFORM. Shaped like a sword. 



ENTIRE. Not interrupted; not emarginated. 



ENTOMOLITE. A fossil or petrified insect. 



ENTOMOLOGICAL. Pertaining to Entomo- 

 logy, or that part of Natural History which 

 treats of Insects. 



ENTOMOLOGY. That branch of natural 

 science which treats of insects ; the term 

 being derived from the two Greek words 

 entomon, an insect, and logos, a discourse. 

 No portion of Animated Nature requires 

 more careful and elaborate attention on 

 the part of those who make it their study ; 

 whether we regard the prodigious numbers 

 which it comprehends, and consequently 

 the formidable array of scientific terms 

 which it presents to the learner ; the ad- 

 mirable economy of insects ; their won- 

 derful metamorphoses ; the brilliant co- 

 louring of some, the extraordinary struc- 

 ture of others, or the minute dimensions 

 of myriads of living creatures, all curiously 

 organized and adapted for their respective 

 spheres. In short, although to the merely 

 superficial observer it may appear a trifling 

 pursuit, it is a study that cannot fail to 

 call into exercise the highest powers of the 

 mind, and to implant in it a profound 

 reverence for the Wisdom, Power, and 

 Goodness of the Creator. [See INSECTS.] 



ENTOMOSTRACOUS. Pertaining to an order 

 of small Crustaceans, many of which are 

 enclosed in an integument, like a bivalve 

 shell. 



ENTOZOA. Those parasitical animals which 

 exist within other animals. 



ENTROCHITE. A kind of extraneous fossil, 

 usually about an inch in length, and made 

 up of round joints, which, when separated, 

 are called trochites. They are striated 

 from the centre to the circumference, and 

 have a cavity in the middle. 



EOCENE. In geology, the older tertiary 

 period, in which the extremely small pro- 

 portion of living species indicates the com- 

 mencement of the present existing state 

 of animate creation. 



EPHEMERAL. Beginning and ending in a 

 day ; as the ephemera or day-fly in its 

 imago or perfect state. 



EPIDERMAL. Belonging to the cuticle or 

 scarf-skin. 



EPIDERMIS. The outer covering or scarf- 

 skin. The membranous covering or fibrous 

 horny coating of some shells. 



EPIGASTRIC. Pertaining to the upper part 

 of the abdomen ; as, the epigastric region. 



EPIMERAL. Pertaining to the segment of an 

 articulated animal which is above the 

 joint of the limb. 



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