793 



minatcly shaped spot, not elongated in any 

 direction. 



MACULATE. Marked with macula, as above 

 described. 



MALACOLOGY. The science which describes 

 molluscous animals, whether defended by 

 a shell or entirely naked. 



MALACOPTEUYGIOUS. Belonging to the 

 Malacopte.rygii, the name given to the 

 second great division of Osseous Fishes ; the 

 species of which are distinguished by the 

 fin rays being soft and cartilaginous. They 

 are divided into three sections. 1. Aldo- 

 minnles ; in which the ventral fins are 

 situated in the abdomen, far behind the 

 pectorals ; as in the Carp, Salmon, and 

 Herring tribes. 2. Subbrachiales ; in which 

 the ventral fins are situated immediately 

 beneath the pectorals, and the pelvis is 

 suspended to the bones of the shoulder ; as 

 i'n the Codfish, Haddock, Flounder, &c. 

 Apodcs ; in which the ventrals are want- 

 ing ; as in the Eel. 



MALACOSTOMOI;,-?. Having soft jaws without 

 teeth ; a term applied to several extensive 

 genera of fishes, which are wholly destitute 

 of teeth in their jaws, but have them 

 placed in their throats, near the orifice of 

 the stomach. 



MALACOSTRACOUS. An epithet applied to 

 soft-shelled insects : from Malacostraca, 

 the name of a division of the class Crus- 

 tacea, including those which are covered 

 with ti crust softer than the shell of a mol- 

 lusc, but harder than the horny integument 

 of the Entomostracoa. 



MAMM.B. The paps or breasts. 



MAMMALIA. The class of animals which 

 give suck to their young. 



MAMMALOGY. The science which has for its 

 object the study and classification of all 

 animals belonging to the class Mamma- 

 lia. 



MAMMIFEROCS. Having breasts and nou- 

 rishing the young by the milk therein se- 

 creted. 



MAMMIFORM. Having the shape or form of 

 paps. 



MAMMILLATE. When the last joint of the 

 palpi is very short, smaller than the pre- 

 ceding one, and retractile within it. 



MAMMILLATED. Having little globes like 

 nipples. A term applied to the apex of a 

 shell when it is rounded like a teat. This 

 epithet is also applied in anatomy to two 

 small protuberances, like nipples, found 

 under the fore ventricles of the brain, aud 

 to a process of the temple bone. 



MAXDIBLES. The upper aud under parts of 

 the bill, in birds. The instruments of 

 chewing ; applied to birds and insects. 

 The terra mandible is restricted in ento- 

 mology to the upper and outer pair of 

 jaws. 



MANDIBULAR. Belonging to the jaw. 



MANDIBULATA. The insects whose mouths 

 are provided with jaws for the purpose of 

 mastication. 



MANIMUULIFORM. When the under jaws of 

 an insect arc hard and horny, and shaped 

 like the upper jaws. 



MAXDUCATIOX. The act of chewing or 

 eating. 



MASGE. The scab or itch in dogs, cattle, 

 and other beasts. 



MANNERS. Habits and mode of life. 



MANTLE. The external soft contractile 

 skin of the Mollusca, which covers the 

 viscera and a great part of the body like a 

 cloak. 



MANIFOKM. When the palpi or feelers of an 

 insect are chelate or furnished with a 

 finger and thumb. 



MARITIME. Bordering on or situated near 

 the sea. 



MARK. The female of the horse, or equine 

 genus of quadrupeds. 



MAI:GAUITACEOUS. Pearly. 



MARGAEITIFEROUS. Pearl-bearing : applied 

 to shells which form pearls ; as Meleayrina 

 Margaritifera, or Pearl-bearing Oyster. 



MARGINAL. Near the margin or edge. When 

 applied to the wings of insects it denotes 

 open areolets that terminate in the 

 margin. 



MARGINATE. MARGINATED. Having a pro- 

 minent margin or border. 



MARIGENOUS. Produced in or by the sea. 



MARINE. Belonging to or found in the sea. 



MARMORATE. So pain ted with veins, streaks, 

 and clouds, as to resemble marble. 



MARMOREAN. MARMORACEOUS. Made of 

 or encrusted with marble. 



MARSUPIAL. A term designating those ani- 

 mals which are provided with a tegumen- 

 tary pouch, in which the embryo is received 

 after birth, and protected during the com- 

 pletion of its development. 



MARSUPIALIAN. Belonging to the class Nar- 

 supialia [which see]. 



MASCULINE. Robust ; strong ; having the 

 qualities of a man. 



MASTICATE. To chew food ; to grind food 

 with the teeth, and prepare it for swallow- 

 ing and digestion. 



MASTKIIA. Two anal organs in the larva? 

 of Centra Vinula, exserting from their 

 apex a retractile flexible thread, with 

 which they endeavour, by lashing their 

 sides, to drive away the Ichneumons. 



MASTOID. Resembling the nipple or breast; 

 as, the mast oid muscles. 



MATE. The male or female of animals which 

 associate for propagation and the care of 

 their young. 



MATRIX. MATRICE. The womb, or cavity 

 in which the foetus of an animal is formed 

 and nourished till its birth. 



MATTER. The substance of which all bodies 

 are composed ; and is of two kinds, solid 

 and fluid. "In its solid form matter is 

 the element of which the systems of organs 

 are composed ; and organs are the instru- 

 ments by which functions are performed : 

 in all animals there are seven systems of 

 organs to perform seven series of functions. 

 The seven systems of organs and their re- 

 spective functions are these : bones, for 

 support ; muscles, for motion ; air-tubes, for 

 respiration ; blood-vessels, for circulation ; 

 alimentary canal, for digestion ; nen-es, for 

 sensation : and the organs of the sexes, 

 for reproduction." Newman on the Phy- 

 siology of Insects. 



MATURE. Perfected by time or natural 

 growth. 



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