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ns of animals, but more particularly 



those of the human species. 

 OnicnALCKOUS. A splendour intermediate 



between that of gold and brass. 

 OUIFICE. An opening ; the mouth or aper- 



ture of a tube or other cavity. 

 OKXITIIOLITK. A petrified bird. 

 ORXITHOLOGIST. A person who is skilled 



in the natural history of birds, who un- 



derstands their form, structure, habits, and 



uses. 

 ORNITHOLOGY. The science which teaches 



the natural history and arrangement of 



birds ; or, to use the definition of Cuvier, 



of vertebrated oviparous animals, with a 



double circulation and respiration, or- 



ganized for flight. For much general in- 



formation on the habits, instincts, &c. of 



the feathered tribes, see the article "Bmi>s." 

 ORTHOCERA. Extinct Cei halopods which 



inhabited long conical chambered shells 



like a straight horn. 

 ORTIIOCERATILE. The name of certain fossil 



univalve shells, straight, or but slightly 



curved, arranged by Cuvier in the genus 



Nautilus. 

 ORTIIOPTKKOUS. Belonging to the Orthnp- 



tera, an order of insects with elytra and 



longitudinally folded wings. 

 ORYCTOORAniY. That part of Natural 



History in which fossils are described. 

 ORYCTOLOGY. That part of physics which 



treats of fossils. 

 OSSEOUS. Bony. 

 OSSIFICATION. To change from a soft ani- 



mal substance into bone, or into a sub- 



stance as hard as bone. 

 OSSIVOROUS. Feeding on bones. 

 OSTEOLOOICAL. Pertaining to a description 



of the bones. 

 OSTRACITE. An oyster-shell in its fossil 



state ; or a stone formed in the shell , the 



latter being dissolved. 

 OVAL. Having the longitudinal diameter 



twice the length of the transverse, and the 



ends circumscribed by equal segments of a 



circle. 

 OVALIFORM. Having the longitudinal section 



oval, and the transverse circular. 

 OVARIOUS. Consisting of eggs ; as ovarious 



food. 

 OVARY. OVARIUM. The part of a female 



animal in which the eggs are formed or 



lodged ; or the part in which the foetus is 



supposed to be formed. 

 OVATE. Shaped like the longitudinal section 



of an egg. 

 OVATE-OBLONG. Oblong in the shape of an 



egg, or with the end lengthened. 

 OVATE-SUBULATE. Having something of 



the form of an egg and an awl, but most 



tending to the latter. 

 OVICULAR. Pertaining to an egg. 

 OVIDUCT. A passage for the egg from the 



ovary. 

 OVIFORM. Egg-shaped ; having the form or 



figure of an egg. 

 OVIOEEOUS. A term applied to the parts 



containing or supporting eggs. 

 OVIWE. Pertaining to sheep. 

 OVIPAROUS. That mode of generation 



which takes place by the exclusion of the 



germ from the body, in the form of an egg, 



and which is hatched after such exclu- 

 sion. 



OVIPOSITION. The act of excluding eggs 

 from the abdomen, as an insect. 



OVIPOSITOR. The organ in insects, which is 

 often large and complicated, for the trans- 

 mission of the eggs, during exclusion, to 

 their appropriate place. 



OVOID. Approaching to the shape of an 

 egg. 



OVOVIPAROUS. A term denoting that the 

 eggs are hatched within the body of the 

 animal, and that the young are excluded 

 alive. The marsupial animals are exam- 

 ples of ovoviparous mammiferous quad- 

 rupeds ; and the yiper, Rattlesnake, and 

 Lizard among reptiles. 



PABULAR. PABULODS. Affording food or 

 aliment. 



PACHYDERMATOUS. Having a thick skin ; 

 an epithet applied to an order of animals, 

 called Pacht/dermata, embracing all the 

 hoofed quadrupeds which do not rumi- 

 nate. 



PAL.ONTOGRAPHICAL. Pertaining to the i 

 description and illustration of fossil or- | 

 ganic remains. 



PAL.:ONTOI.OGY. The history of ancient 

 extinct organized beings. 



PALEOZOIC. A term to denote those rocks | 

 which contain the fossil remains of the 

 earliest inhabitants of the globe. They 

 are divided by geologists into the Cum- 

 brian, Silurian, and Devonian systems. 



PALATAL. Pertaining to the palate. 



PALATE. The root or upper part of the 

 mouth. 



PALATIFOKM. When the tongue of an insect 

 forms the inner surface of the labium, but 

 is not separate from it. 



PALEOUS. Resembling chaff. 



PALLEAL IMPRESSION. The mark or groove 

 formed in a bivalve shell by the muscular 

 attachment of the mantle, which, being 

 always found near the margin of the shell, 

 is sometimes termed the marginal impres- 

 sion. 



PALLKAL. Pertaining to the mantle of the 

 Mollusca. 



PALMATED Entirely webbed ; as the pal- 

 mated feet of certain aquatic birds. 



PALMIPED. Relating to the Palmipede!!, an 

 order of birds having the toes connected 

 by a web or membrane, and thus the feet 

 fitted for swimming. 



PALPI. The organs of touch developed from 

 the maxillae and labium of insects. 



PALPIFOEM. Resembling in shape the palpi 

 or feelers of insects. 



PAPAVEROUS. Of the nature or quality of 

 poppies. 



PAPILLA Small dots or soft eminences, 

 generally adapted for delicate sensation. 



PAPILLARY; PAPILLOUS. PAPILLOSE. Hav- 

 ing the surface covered with dots, pimples, 

 or small tubercles. 



PAPILLULATB. Beset with many papillules. 



PAPILLULE. A tubercle or variole with an 

 elevation in its centre. 



PAPYRACEOUS. Of the consistency of paper. 



PARALLELISM. Resemblance, equality of 

 state. 



