Long Time Crops 

 (30 to 50 years) 



Lumber Pulp Wood Ties 



White Pine Norway Spruce Red Pine 



Red Pine White Cedar 



Norway Spruce Scotch Pine 



European Larch European Larch 



White Ash Red Oak 



Red Oak Black Walnut 



Poles Fence Posts 



Black Locust White Cedar 



Scotch Pine Scotch Pine 



European Larch European Larch 



White Cedar Red Oak 



Age and Size 



Seedlings may be used where grass is short and general 

 vegetation is light. Transplants are better for all-around 

 planting. Three and four year transplants are recommended 

 for evergreens; one-year old seedlings for locust and ash; two- 

 year old seedlings for oak and larch. Poplar is easily grown 

 from cuttings, which should be rooted for one year before 

 being planted on their permanent site. 



When to Plant 



Forest trees should be planted in the spring as soon as 

 the frost is out of the ground and before the year's growth is 

 under way, or in the fall after growth has ceased, and a 

 month or so before the soil freezes. Spring planting is slightly 

 better for trees, and fall for labor. The ideal time will come 

 between April 1 and May 15, and between September 1 and 

 October 15. The forest builder must study the season. 



How to Plant 



Heeling In. As soon as the trees are received they 

 should be taken to the planting ground, unpacked and "heeled 

 in." The heeling in process consists of digging a trench 8 or 

 10 inches deep and placing the roots of the trees therein, 

 covering them with fresh earth which is packed about them 

 firmly and kept moist by watering daily. Trees may be left in 

 the trench for a week, or during the period of planting, but 

 should be set in their permanent places as soon as possible. 



The Planting Crew. The number of men engaged de- 

 pends upon the size of the job to be done. They should be 

 divided into crews of two men each, one to make the holes 

 and the other to follow up with the trees, which are carried 

 in a pail. It is advisable to keep about three or four inches 

 of a mixture of soil and water in the bottom of the pail, thus 

 the roots of the trees will be kept moist. 



Spacing. The usual spacing is six feet apart each way, 

 or 1210 trees to the acre. If a pole is set at each end of the 

 field, and moved over a distance of six feet as the end of the 

 course is reached, the lines of trees will be kept fairly straight. 

 After making the hole with a grub hoe, the digger takes two 

 steps, makes another hole, and continues on in this way to the 

 end of the field, sighting on his own pole or stake to keep the 

 line straight. He should dig the hole deep and wide enough 

 to allow the roots to lie in a normal position, and should leave 

 the soil by the side of the hole in a convenient position for the 

 planter who follows close behind. 



Covering and Firming In. The panter places the tree in 

 the hole, packs the loose earth about the roots, and when all 

 the soil except the sod is replaced, he firms it with the foot, 

 taking care not to injure the bark.The roots should be placed 

 slightly deeper than they were- in the nursery to allow for the 

 loose ground to settle, but the final position should be as in the 

 nursery. This is especially important when planting spruce. 

 The entire tree should be made firm enough to resist loosening 

 action of the wind, and should stand erect. 



