They act as a wind break to homes and crops, and are a 

 protection in this respect to a distance of one rod for every 

 foot in height. 1 



For Beauty. The architect draws his plans with an eye 

 to beauty as well as service. But without a definite plan, save 

 that the trees should be spaced to promote the best growth, the 

 forest builder creates a thing of beauty, capable not only of 

 practical returns in money, but of great recreational values. 



HOW TO REFOREST 



Planting Stock. The pioneers in forest building in New 

 York used pasture trees, and planted them in furrows behind 

 the plow. It is much more satisfactory and profitable to use 

 nursery-grown seedlings and transplants, because of their com- 

 pact root system and uniform size; and the grub hoe is superior 

 to the plow for planting purposes. The State nurseries are 

 filled with ideal stock for reforestation, both seedlings and 

 transplants. These are available at cost of production for 

 planting on any lands within the State. There are also a large 

 number of reliable commercial nurseries in this and nearby 

 states from which stock can be obtained. State trees are 

 applied for to the Conservation Commission at Albany. The 

 applicant agrees that they shall not be sold or given away, 

 and that they shall be planted on land that will be devoted to 

 continuous forest production. These requirements do not hinder 

 the owner from making improvement thinnings or harvesting 

 the crop when it is mature. A law was passed in 1920 to pro- 

 vide for free trees. As these must be grown in the State 

 nurseries and charged against the actual money appropriated 

 for that purpose, seedling trees will not be available until the 

 fall of 1921 and spring of 1922, and transplants after 1922.- 

 For large scale operations the forest builder should install his 

 own nursery, and the best guides are bulletin 76 of the U. S. 

 Forest Service, and the bulletin on nursery practice by C. R. 

 Pettis, published by the Conservation Commission at Albany. 



Kinds to Use 



In general, the cone bearing trees are the best, because of 

 their greater lumber value, variety of uses, the shortage of 

 mature pine, spruce and hemlock timber, and because the soil 

 of the State is so well adapted to the growing of evergreen 

 trees. Hardwoods may be grown for special purposes, or used 

 to advantage in mixture with conifers. When planted in mix- 

 ture with evergreens they help to protect the latter from their 

 natural enemies. 



The following list contains the species best adapted for 

 planting in New York, and the uses to which they may be put 

 when ready to cut. Our Bulletin 19 describes most of these in 

 detail and gives their requirements for growth and their uses. 



Short Time Crops 

 (10 to 20 years) 



Lumber Fence Posts Pulp Wood 



Carolina Poplar Black Locust Carolina Poplar 



Carolina Poplar 5 



Christmas Trees Baskets 



Red Spruce Willow 



Norway Spruce (For immediate 



Balsam profit beginning at 



end of first year. 4 



1 S-t- Circ. 19 of the New York State College of Forestry. 



2 Seedlings are trees grown one or more years from seed without 

 having been moved. Transplants are trees that have been grown in 

 the nursery and moved at least once from their original position as 

 seedlings. See Bui. 19, State College of Forestry. 



" Poplar fence posts can be made durable by creosoting. Write 

 for "Prolonging the Life of Farm Timbers," by Lawrence I, re, In- 

 structor in Wood Technology, N. Y. State College of Forestry, 

 Syracuse. 



* See Circular 18, Basket Willow Culture by John Wallace Stephen, 

 M. S. F. 



