WOODMAN'S TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS 



(D) CANT HOOKS. The cant hook is a peavy, lacking the pick (point). 

 The socket consists of two rings only joined by a narrow bar. 

 Cant hooks are used more in the mill and yard, peavies more in the woods. 



The straight drag saws require 



n 



(E) CROSS-CUT SAWS. 



I. Radius experiments show a radius of 5 feet 2 inches to be best, 

 excessive strength and are deficient in dust chambers. 



II. Width of blade. It is at the widest point about 8 ' ., inches. The hollow back saws, a recent 

 innovation, have about 4 inches width all along the blade. 



III. Thickness of blade. The back of the saw is always somewhat thinner than the gauge of the teeth. 

 Henry Disston gives the saw backs 4 or 5 gauges less thickness than the saw teeth. Atkins gives the 

 teeth "14 gauge," the back at the handles "16 gauge," and at the center of the back "19 gauge." 



IV. Uniformity of temper and proper temper are obtained by special processes. No hammering of 

 blades. Cheeks are perfectly smooth. 



V. Construction of teeth is very variable. Dust room between the teeth should be twice as large as 

 the teeth. 



For hardwoods more teeth are necessary than for softwoods. 

 There are two kinds of teeth, namely: — 



(a) The cutter teeth, a couple or trio of which might be arranged on 

 a common stock, to form "Tuttle or Wolf Teeth." Only the 

 points of the cutters actually cut into the fibre. 



(b) The raker or cleaner teeth, meant to plane-off the fibre when 

 it has been severed by the cutters, and to shift the sawdust 

 out of the kerf. European e.xperiments claim to demonstrate the 

 uselessness of cleaners. They occupy valuable dust room. The 

 points of the rakers should lack 1,32 of an inch from being even 

 with the line of the cutting points. 



VI. Length of saw is from 4 feet to 10 feet. 

 Local crews use the "diamond cross-cut," price •-"•2"25 for 6' / length, 



the "champion tooth," and the "hollow back" saw, price ••<■ \'30 for 6 length. 



VII. Saw handles should be easily detachable. The material of the 

 handle is maple, birch, and hickory. Handles are fixed (usually) vertically to 

 back of saw. Sometimes, however, they are in the direction of the radius 

 of the saw. 



Large "bow" saws allow of a very thin blade and have a bow instead 

 of handles. They are not used in America. 



VIII. The effect of a saw is equal to the number of square inches cut 

 by one man per minute. The effect is small in polewoods; it is said to 

 be best with logs of about two feet diameter, being decidedly smaller for 

 smaller logs, and noticably smaller for larger logs. 



In cutting longleaf pine or redfir, the saw is continuously sprinkled 

 with turpentine or kerosine. 



The effect of curved saws is from 40 7(1 to 50" n higher than the effect 

 of straight saws. 



The saw overcomes : — 



(a) The resistance of the fibre by the sharp points acting as knives 

 and planes; 



(b) The friction at both cheeks of the blade by smooth cheeks and 

 by a gauge narrowing toward the back ; 



(c) The friction of sawdust by deep teeth, curved line of teeth, per- 

 foration, large dust chambers, and possibly, by "cleaner teeth" Cant hook. 



