WOODMAN'S TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS 



11 



II. To prevent saw from getting pinched in the kerf; and to direct the fail of tree. Special saw wedges 

 of oil -tempered steel are made by Alorley Bros. Weight \\., to 3 lbs. 



Frequently, saw wedges and axe wedges are used alike. 

 Wooden wedges must be driven with the axe or hammer. 

 Iron and steel wedges must be driven with a wooden maul. 



(G) MAULS. Mauls are made of the butts of dogwood, beech, hornbeam, hard maple, gum, and 

 locust, and are held together by two iron hoops made of ".,-inch by Vi-'ich flat iron. 



(H) PICKAXE AND MATTOCK. They are used where the stumps are utilized together with the 

 bole (e. g. in cutting walnut) and in the preparation of forest roads. The points of both are relaid with 

 steel after wearing out. 



(I) BRUSH HOOKS. They are used in swamping and in making fagots or fascines; in clearing 

 snaking roads; in dense underbrush. 



(J) KREMPE. The krempe is used abroad and in India and resembles the picaroon or hookaroon 

 used in America for handling ties, telegraph poles, and pulp wood. It is used in rolling and moving logs 

 down hill, the pick acting as a lever, the fulcrum of which lies at 

 the heel. 



(K) PIKE POLES. Pike Poles are used with pike and hook 

 or with pike only; are 12ft. to 20 ft. long, made of selected white 

 ash or spruce the points consisting of cast steel. The points are either 

 screwed into the wood or driven without heating. Pike poles cost 

 I'lO to ^25 a dozen. They are indispensable in driving and rafting 

 operations and at mill ponds. Weight 7 to 12 lbs. 



(L) SCREWS FOR BLASTING. Such screws are used abroad, 

 not to shoot stumps out of the ground but solely to split stumps 

 where prices of firewood are high. The hollow screw loaded with 

 blasting powder is inserted into an auger-made hole. In America, 

 such screws can be used to good advantage in splitting unwieldy, 

 huge logs into halves. 



Three varieties of points for pil<epoles. 



(M) GRINDSTONES. Grindstones should not be exposed to the sun, should be kept equally round 

 and even and should always be kept wet while in use. A water trough underneath the stone should be 

 rejected, as the submerged side softens unduly and unevenly. Stones are sold by the pound. .\ 70 -lb. 

 grindstone costs about #4. The extra fixtures, consisting of hubs, shafts with nuts, crank, &c. cost about 

 a dollar. 



(N) MACHINE SAWS. For felling, machine saws have proven a failure. The expense of carrying 

 a machine from tree to tree is greater than the expense of cutting by hand. 



The possibility of using a machine for bucking seems, however, more promising of success. 

 The cut is obtained: - 



1. Either by wires heated to white heat by the electric current; 



2. Or by a band scrollsaw, electrically driven, the cutting blade of which is turned by 90", by 

 means of sawguides; 



3. Or by a fine steel chain, also electrically driven, the links of which are toothed. 



