14 DISSECTING (BUCKING) THE BOLES OF THE TREES 



2. Lopped trees touch the ground all along the bole at one and the same time. Thus the danger 

 for the boles to break or split is reduced. In addition, a light crown causes the tree to fall 

 with decreased force. 



(E) USUAL FELLING RULES:- 



1. The trees must be thrown in such a way as to do least damage to themselves, to surrounding 

 trees and to undergrowth ; 



2. The felled tree should lie in a position allowing of easy dissection of bole and of easy removal 

 of logs; 



3. Operations must be stopped during severe winds; 



4. Trees over 6 inches in diameter should be sawn down, coppice woods excepted, when the axe 

 is used; 



5. No more trees should be felled than can be worked up within a reasonable time after felling. 

 (Exception : - redwoods) ; 



6. The stumps should not be higher than the tree's diameter; 



7. All trees marked for cutting, and none else, must be cut; 



8. The tops should be swamped so that they may come in contact with the ground. 



The Southern logging superintendents, at a recent meeting, gave the following as the figures, in cents 

 per 1,000 feet b. m., for expenses incurred by their concerns when cutting logs: — 



Arkansas ... from 33'6 to 37 cents; 



Texas from 23 to 45 cents; 



Louisiana ... from 14 to 59 cents; 



Mississippi ... from 28 to 35 cents. 

 In the Pacific States, felling costs 20',, cents, and bucking another 20 V2 cents per 1,000 feet b. m. 



PARAGRAPH VI. 

 DISSECTING (BUCKING) THE BOLES OF THE TREES. 



(A) PURPOSE OF DISSECTION :- 



1. Reduction of freightage; 



2. Adaptation to different methods of transportation required for different assortments; 



3. Accomodation of buyers requiring different assortments; 



4. Obtaining manageable size of logs and wood; 



5. Removal of defects. 



As much net value should be obtained from the bole as is possible. 



In no forest on earth is all the woody substance produced marketable. The amount of offal (waste, 

 debris) depends merely on the expense of transportation to markets within reach. It is better to waste 

 wood than to waste money. The modern lumberman gathering logs of 4 inches diameter and the modern 

 forester objecting to any waste frequently neglect this truism. 



(B) FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DISSECTION:- 



1. Requirements of the market governed by custom, specifications, and inspection rules of lumber; 



2. Distance from market: -the longer the distance, the better must be the quality of the product; 



3. Locality (e. g. steepness of slope; swampiness); 



4. Local laws (e.g. in North Carolina relative to 8-foot firewood); 



5. Available means of transportation and their construction; 



6. Freight rates varying with the degree of conversion; 



7. Size of cars and waggons; 



8. Length of mill carriage and of feedworks ; size of drykiln. 



