22 



LAND TRANSPORTATION WITHOUT VEHICLES 



Here and there auger holes are bored 

 into the hewn faces of the logs or else into 

 the top of the ties supporting the logs. Into 

 these holes steel pins are inserted for the 

 purpose of: — 



Preventing the running away of logs 

 where the grade is steep. 



Collecting a log train. 



Safeguarding the horse teams from stray 

 logs getting away behind. 



The slides end in dumps, the logs drop- 

 ping down automatically, one after the other, 

 through a gap in the trough. 



The expense for a first-class slide varies 

 between .52'50 and -v5 per rod. 



(H) DRUMS,W1NCHES, GYPSIES.CAP- 

 STANS, POWER DONKEYS. These machines 

 consist of drums on which a rope or cable is 

 wound by hand power, horse power, or steam. 



I. Hand drums or winches are used for yarding logs and especially for hoisting logs uphill on 

 steep inclines, the distances not exceeding 300 feet. A one-man "drumgrab," weighing 275 lbs. and 

 exerting a power of two tons, costs •''•30. A log attached to the rope's end is hoisted up when the 

 drum revolves. 



II. Drums with mules as motive power are used in Eastern Tennessee for hoisting logs up to the rim 

 of the sandstone plateaus. An "upright" is secured in swivels above and below. A mule is attached to 

 a 10-foot pole forming a radius to the upright; the mule 

 walking round the upright and thus revolving it, causes a 

 rope to be wound up close to the top of the upright. 



III. Steam power is now universally used out West in 

 connection with hoisting drums known as "bull donkey," 

 "donkey," "road engines," "yard engines," "gypsies," &c. 



Horses pulling a string of logs over a timber slide on the holdings 

 of the Little River Lumber Co., Tennessee. 



{Photograph kindly supplied by H H Gibson.) 



The cvlinders are from 9 " 



10" 



up to 13" >: 14 ". 



Attempts to run these engines by electricity or by com- 

 pressed air with the help of electricity have been futile so far, 

 owing to the extraordinary demands made on the electric 

 motor under the conditions of Western logging. 



The motor, to answer logging purposes, should be of 

 unusually rugged design, capable of withstanding large over- 

 loads (peaks) for short periods. The three-phase current 

 seems to have given the best results so far. Circuit breakers 

 and protective devices should use special devices permitting 

 the motor to hold on to a heavy overload — up to one 

 hundred per cent — for a few seconds. A large amount of 

 surplus power must be available at the central station sup- 

 plying the current. 



The use of fuel oil in steam donkeys has not met 

 with success on the Pacific Coast. 



Log slide in West Virginia. 



