WATER TRANSPORTATION 



29 



Large splash dam in the Karpathian mountains. The small 



ladder protruding from the top of the dam opens a small 



gate by which the fore-water may be given. 



1 



•^*. 



Fixtures along the banks of a stream used for splashing 

 and driving. 



A small splash dani used for splashing of pulp-wood, Western 

 North Carolina. 



Russian river drivers at work after a splash: Notice the 

 destruction of the river bank. 



splash presses the logs down the creek, instead of floating the logs. The e.xpense of a splash dam of 

 the first order is from -v 1,000 to a 3,000. A timber splash dam lasts from six to ten years. 



II. Dams in the creek bed itself are sometimes required to raise the water in a shallow section. 



III. Before driving begins, the creek bed must be cleaned out, by removing old log jams, leaning trees 

 and huge boulders. Sharp bents of the creek must be cut through, so as to straighten the creek bed. 



IV. Fixtures along the bank of the creek are required to prevent logs from getting smashed when 

 striking a bluff; from being thrown on the bank in a curve of the creek; from destroying the banks, and 

 further to prevent the spread of water and loss of force, where a splash is expected to overrun adjoining flats. 



