34 



WATER TRANSPORTATION 



Log-dump of the Chapman Timber Co., in the Willamette 

 Slough near Portland, Oregon. 



On the bridge of the log - dump. Chapman Timber Co., 

 Portland, Oregon. 



V. In North Carolina, flumes are used for the conveyance of pulpwood, tannic acid wood, and hard- 

 wood lumber. Many of the flumes, cheaply constructed, have failed to fulfil the e.xpectalions of their owners. 

 Irregular grades, sharp curves, weak supports, jams caused by frost or by light lumber overreaching the 

 slow-floating oak, have led to endless expense and to disappointment. The usual flume charges are -v 1 

 per 1,000 feet of lumber. Cost of construction is -vTOO to -v 3,000 per mile. 



VI. At Hood River, Oregon, log flumes of a peculiar type are used in canyons unfit for railroading. 

 The flume is a box measuring 6' ; 4' across, constructed of -/j plank. Its fall is 1 inch in 100 feet. The flume 

 sections are terraced, one below the other, and the logs are dumped from one section into the other, 

 with the smallest possible loss of water. The logs are towed by hand (one man to 50 logs) from the upper 

 end of a section to the lower end. Such a log flume, constructed at an expense of -v 3,000 per mile, has 

 a daily capacity of 250,000 feet. Ten men only are required to tow the logs and to handle the "gates" 

 at the dumping points. 



(D) WATER TRANSPORTATION OVER SLOUGHS, LAKES, AND SEA is effected in the following ways: 



I. In the "fiords" of the Pacific Coast, logs standing upright are chained together so as to form a stockade 

 in which train loads of logs are placed, like so many bunches of cigars, filling it tightly. Such stockades 

 hold about half a million board feet of logs at a time and form a seaproof raft, pulled to the mill by tugboats. 



II. In the estuaries of the rivers joining the Atlantic along the Southern Coast, two cars of pine logs 

 are chained together into a log bundle. A number of such bundles are towed by small tugboats over 

 distances averaging thirly miles to the mills situated close to the navigable water of the ocean. 



III. Spindle shaped rafts are taken, during the summer months, from the Oregon and Washington 



Coast to San Francisco, 

 being launched like 

 steamboats and towed 

 by tugboats. The steam- 

 ship companies con- 

 sider spindle - shaped 

 rafts a great danger to 

 navigation. 



IV. In carrying 

 logs over the sloughs 

 of the Pacific Coast, or 

 across the lakes in the 

 Adirondacks and in 



'4^'%^: 



Tugboat pulling "raft" or "bagboom" of red fir logs on Coos 

 Bay, Oregon, for Smith-Powers Timber Co. 



the Lake States, light 

 ring booms are used 

 ("bagbooms" on Pam- 

 lico Sound; "rafts" 

 on Coos Bay). 



The logs are placed 

 into such booms at 

 "the landing," and are 

 rafted (driven) to the 

 outlet of the lake viz. 

 to the loghoist either 

 by wind, current, or 

 tugboat. 



