ANIMAL LABOR 



(b) An output of 10,560,000 footpounds 

 per day of 8 hours. 



II. Horses are employed for: — 



(a) Skidding or snaking; 



(b) Rolling logs on skidways; 



(c) Sledding, bobbing, trucking (two 

 wheels), and waggoning (four wheels): 



(d) Loading on railroad cars; 



(e) Excavation in railroad cuts. 



III. Food for horses. 



(a) Interdependence between food and 

 effect in footpounds, per 1000 lbs. 

 horse flesh, during a day's work is:- 



Logging teams and teamsters on a Sunday morning in .Michigan. 



Daily 

 food 



Effect 3,000,000 



15,000,000 footpounds; 



9,000,000 

 (b) Food required : - 



After Thcer, per 1,000 lbs. of horse flesh, 25 lbs. of good hay and oats per day; 

 In Northern camps, 50 lbs. of oats and 40 lbs. of hay per team per day. 

 A bushel of oats weighs 30 to 33 lbs.; its price varies in the general market, according to grade 

 (-2 white clipped oats, "-2 white oats, =2 mixed oats) between 35 and 40 cents. 



A bushel of corn weighs 56 lbs.; its price varies in the general market, according to grade (-=2 white 

 corn, ~2 yellow corn, "2 mixed corn) between 52 and 60 cents. 



Timothy is the best hay (a- 26*50 per ton); mixed hay (a-22-50) and 1 clover hay (••-•18-00) are 

 inferior more in food value than in price. 



Yellow corn has more food value than white corn. 

 Old horses require ground feed. 



(C) MULES. Price .--300 per team. 



I Mules are employed for:- 



(a) Skidding light logs, notably for long 

 distances; 



(b) Waggoning logs, lumber, and pro- 

 visions ; 



(c) Hauling on rail tracks (wooden and 

 iron rails) ; 



(d) Hoisting logs on inclines; 



(e) Plowing and scraping, in road and 

 railroad building. 



II. Food. A medium team of mules re- 

 quires, per day, 30 lbs. of oats and corn, and 

 36 lbs. of good hay. 



Mules require less care than horses, Mules at work on tlie holdings of John L. Roper Lumber Co., 



taking care of themselves and resisting over- in the pineries of North Carolina. 



