TRANSPORTATION ON LAND BY VEHICLES:— THE VEHICLES 



67 



The boiler is a combination of upright and horizontal, concentrating weight on the driving wheels and 

 preventing water and fuel from dropping back from the flues on steep grades. The engines are said to 

 be able to ascend 30 per cent grades and to climb over logs, brush, stone, <S;c. The front wheel is meant 

 for steering only. A front drum can be used for skidding or loading by wire cable. 



Special waggon trucks (at -^900 each) of 16 tons capacity, are used in connection with this machine. 



HI. Logging motor trucks (power waggons). Motor vehicles fit for use on rough or temporary forest 

 roads have still to come. 



Heavy loads require heavy foundations for the vehicles to rest on. 



For transportation in well-paved cities of firewood and lumber, the three-ton gasoline delivery trucks 

 of the White Company, Cleveland, Ohio, have proven a success. 



Self-propelling logging trucks will require stone roads or plank roads. The Koltz system of roads, 

 plank -covered runways might answer. 



or 



IV. Logging cars. 



(a) LOGGING CARS ARE DISTINGUISHED :- 



1. According to the flange and the tire of the wheels, as cars for pole roads, wooden railroads, 

 and steel railroads. The wheels may turn freely and individually on and round the axle (like 

 waggon wheels) or they may turn with the axle, the axle revolving in journals and bearings. 



2. According to the arrangement of the trucks, as double-truck cars or single-truck cars. 



3. According to the car surface, as skeleton cars and flat cars. 



Logging car made by Climax Mfg. Co., Corry, Pa. 



(b) REQUIREMENTS :-The logging cars are run, after being loaded, in the roughest possible manner, 

 over the roughest railroads in the world. Extremely strong construction is, as a consequence, a necessity. 

 A car must: — 



Be loaded and unloaded with ease and without breakage. 



Stand derailment. 



Protect the track. 



Take a large, heavy load. 



Have low center of gravity. 



Be coupled and uncoupled easily. 



Allow of repairs in the woods. 



Be able to round sharp curves. 



Have reliable brakes. 



