TECHNICAL USE MADE OF THE TREES, BY SPECIES 97 



PARAGRAPH XVII. 

 TECHNICAL USE MADE OF THE TREES, BY SPECIES. 



(A) HARDWOODS. Cucumber tree:-Ox yokes; pump logs; water troughs; cabinet making; ceiling; 

 flooring; invariably mixed with and substituted for yellow poplar. 



Tulip tree or yellow poplar: -Panels; flooring; molding; clapboarding; sheathing; shingles; siding 

 on railroad cars; interior finish of Pullman cars; coffins; bodies of automobiles, carriages and sleighs; 

 sides of farm waggon beds; woodenware; bungs; slack barrels and tobacco hogsheads (staves and heading); 

 backing, tops and sides for pianos; veneers; boxes, especially biscuit boxes and cigar boxes; scroll saw 

 work; wood carving; wood burning; matches; excelsior; paper pulp; porch columns; hat forms; cores of 

 composite furniture and of interior finish. 



Linden or basswood:- Mirror and picture backs; drawers and backs of furniture; molding; wooden- 

 ware; panels and bodies of carriages; ceiling; wooden shoes; inner soles of shoes; cooperage heading; 

 slack barrel staves; butter churns; laths; boxes; grape baskets; excelsior; parts of pianos and organs 

 (main frame); fine carving; papier-mache; paper pulp. The flowers are used for tea; the inner bark of 

 some species for coarse cordage and matting and glue brushes. 



Holly or ilex: -Mallets; edging and engraving blocks; fine cabinet work; painting on wood; tool 

 handles ; mathematical instruments. 



Buckeye:- Artificial limbs; woodenware; paper pulp; wooden hats; fine wood carving; pyrography. 



Maple: -Furniture (curly and bird's-eye); flooring; sugar barrels; mantels; runners of sleighs; peavy 

 handles; ox yokes; axe handles; sides, backs, and bridges of violins; bicycle rims; woodenware; wooden 

 shovels; shoe pegs and lasts; gun stocks; saddle trees; teeth of wooden gear wheels; piano keys and 

 hammers; wood split pulleys; framework of machinery; ship building; paddles; maple sugar; surveyor's 

 implements; plane stocks; wooden types; faucets; clothespins; charcoal; acetate of lime; wood alcohol. 



Sumach: -Tanning; dyeing and dressing skins; Japanese lacquer work. 



Black locust: -Police clubs; fence posts; insulator pins; construction work (bridges); turnery ; wheel- 

 wright work; tree nails (pins); ship building (ribs); hubs of wheels (automobiles); house foundation. 



Mesquit:- Fence posts and rails; used extensively for fuel (destructive to boilers). 



Black cherry: -Fine furniture; cabinetwork; interior finish; tool handles; surveyor's implements. 



Crabapple:- Pipes, mallets; wooden measure rules; tool handles. 



Witch hazel:- Extract. 



Dogwood: -Tool handles; spools; bobbins; shuttles; mauls; wheel hubs; machinery bearings; 

 engraving blocks. 



Black gum: -Heavy (waggon) hubs; rollers in glass factories; mangles; ox yokes; stock of sledge 

 hammers in steam forges; veneers for berry baskets and butter dishes; slack barrels; in cheap furniture 

 for backing and drawers; barn flooring; excelsior. 



Tupelo gum: -Chemical paper fibre; barrel staves (rotary veneer cut); wooden shoes and wooden- 

 ware; the corky root is used under the name of corkwood for bicycle handles and floaters of fishing nets. 



Sweet gum: -Known in Europe as satin walnut and used for fine furniture (lining) and cabinetwork, 

 in America for cheap furniture; building lumber; flooring; plug tobacco and cigar boxes; waggon beds; 

 slack barrels; strawberry boxes; crates; truck barrels; veneer cut dishes; coiled hoops; street paving. 



Sourwood: — Tool handles; machinery bearings; sled runners. 



Rhododendron:- Bruyere pipes; tool handles; turnery; toys; rustic furniture. 



Persimmon :- Bobbins; spools; shuttles; tools; golf club heads; plane stocks; shoe lasts; wood 

 engraving. The black heart is cut into veneers and used for ebony. 



White ash : - Waggons and carriages (poles, shafts, frames) ; interior woodwork ; inner parts of furniture : 

 mantelpieces; sporting goods (bats, &c.), oars and gymnastic bars; lances; agricultural implements; tennis 



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