TECHNICAL USE MADE OF THE TREES, BY SPECIES 99 



Red birch (sweet birch): -Imitation cherry furniture; ship building; bark distilled for oil of wintergreen. 



Oregon alder:- Furniture; cigar boxes; mining props and water conduits; charcoal in gunpowder. 



Black willows: -Osier culture (imported species); baskets; baby-carriages; carriage bodies; pollarded 

 for fascines; the Missouri species for fence posts after thorough seasoning; bats for baseball; a drug, 

 salicylic acid, made from the bark; charcoal for smokeless powder. 



Cottonwoods:- Boxes; wood pulp and fibre; slack barrels; woodenware; flooring; excelsior; cores 

 for veneers in organs and pianos; matches; building lumber; furniture; waggon beds; turnery; woodenware; 

 fence boards. 



(B) CONIFERS. Incense cedar: -Water flumes; fencing; furniture; interior finish; laths and shingles. 



White cedar (Northern): -Posts; fencing; telegraph poles; railroad ties; tanks and buckets; shingles; 

 street paving; boats. 



White cedar (Southern):- Woodenware; tanks; buckets; barrels; telegraph poles and fence posts; 

 shingles; railroad ties; boats; lampblack. 



Red cedar (Pacific): — Canoes; interior finish; fencing; shingles; cooperage; tanks; buckets. 



Port Orford cedar (Lawson's cypress):- Lumber; piling; telephone posts; wharf planking, sash, doors, 

 and blinds; inside finish; flooring; railroad ties; fence posts; matches; shipbuilding. The rosin is a powerful 

 insecticide. 



Western juniper:- Fences. 



Red cedar (of the East): — Tanks, posts, buckets; telephone poles; chests; pencils; interior finish. 



Bald cypress: -Tanks; shingles; doors; housebuilding; interior finish; sash; blinds; molasses barrels; 

 railroad ties; posts; coffins; car siding; flooring; wharf piles. 



Big tree: -Lumber; fencing; shingles; construction; water conduits. 



Redwood: -House building and finishing; shingles; fencing; telegraph poles; vineyard stakes; railroad 

 ties; car lining; tanks; coffins. 



Yew: -In Oregon for bows and fishing rods. 



White pine:-House building and finishing; boxes and crates; sash, doors, and blinds; shingles; 

 backing of fine veneers; excelsior; matches; laths; woodenware; slack barrels; framing of machinery; 

 furniture; patterns for casting metals; ship masts; baled shavings for filtering gas, bedding for horses, 

 packing for crockery. 



Sugar pine: -Same uses as white pine; cooperage; shakes (large board shingles). 



Lodge -pole pine: -Cheap lumber; mining timbers; railroad ties; used where other timber is not available. 



North Carolina or Shortleaf pines (taeda and echinata):- Common lumber; cheap veneers; shingles; 

 house building purposes altogether; mining timber; boxes; rice and potato barrels; laths; naval stores; 

 soda fibre. 



Table mountain pine: -Charcoal. 



Longleaf and Cuban pine: -House building; dimension stuff; shingles; tanks; flooring; interior finish; 

 railroad ties; railroad bridges; car sills and framework of cars; furniture; sash, doors and blinds; framework 

 of machinery; mining timber; ship building; masts; waggon tongues and beds; naval stores. 



Scrub pine (Virginiana): — Lumber; boxes; soda fibre. 



Jeffrey's pine: -Coarse lumber; mining timber. 



Bull pine: (ponderosa):- Lumber; railroad ties; mine props; shingles; boxes; slack barrels. 



Jack pine (divaricata):-Ties and piling; cheap lumber; boxes; laths; soda fibre. 



Norway pine: — Lumber generally; ship building; construction; flooring; masts; piles of wharves; 

 covering, lining, siding, flooring, and sills of railroad cars; railroad ties. 



Eastern spruce : - Chemical fibre and paper pulp (down to 5 inch, diameter); matches ; excelsior ; construction ; 

 posts; railroad ties; fresh-water ship building; clapboards; flooring; ceiling; step-ladders; sounding boards 

 (from butt logs); oars; paddles; spars; wharf piles; telegraph poles; toys; wood type; butter buckets; 

 slack cooperage; wooden thread (for mattings); chewing gum; vanillin. In Europe, spruce bark is used 

 for tanning. 



Engelmann's spruce: - Common lumber. 



