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COOPERAGE WORKS 



(F) MANUFACTURE of heading, staves, hoops, and barrels. 

 I. Heading. 



(a) Heading for tight cooperage is sawn from split bolts. These bolls are obtained in the woods 

 by halving, quartering, and splitting (by hand and always with the grain) round blocks which slightly exceed 

 in length the diameter of the heading. The heart of the bolt is not removed. The bolts are waggoned 

 or sledded to the heading plant, where they are inspected, sorted, piled, and air- dried. A long number 

 of months are required to prepare, by exposure to the athmosphere, the raw material desired by the cooper. 



Twenty-five horse-power are said to be required at a heading plant. The output at a "setting" of 

 the plant averages 200,000 sets of heading. 



The tight heading plant usually contains a sawing machine, an equalizer, and a jointer: — 



1. The heading sawing machine 

 consists of a vertical circular 

 saw (44 inches diameter) screwed 

 to the arbor without a loose 

 collar; a pendulum swing with 

 "grate" and "dogs" to receive 

 the bolt; a slide guiding the 

 swing; a gauge, adjusted by 

 screws; a separator throwing 

 the sawed slats to the side. 

 Price A 300. 



2. The equalizer contains a tilting 

 table or a carriage, which is forced 

 against a pair of circular saws. 



In German makes, a pair 

 of wheels feeds the slats auto- 

 matically into the saws. The 

 equalizer cuts the heading slats to 

 uniform length. Price -vSO. 



3. The jointer edges the slats. It 

 consists of a strong wheel, or 

 better of two wheels, carrying 

 on its side 4 to 6 straight knives. 

 The wheel is covered by a hood. 

 Price .vl40. 



For tight cooperage the 

 joints are made secure by blind 

 nails and by coopers' flag 

 (Typha latifoiia) placed into the 

 joints; more rarely by tongues 

 and grooves. 



Two more machines are 

 required to finish the heading 

 prepared by the apparatus men- 

 tioned under 1,2, and 3, viz. :- 



4. The heading planer which carries 

 knives 16 inches to 24 inches 

 long and has a capacity of 

 8,500 headings a day. 



Heading sawing machine. Trevor Mfg. Co., Locl<port, N. Y. 



