174 



NAVAL STORES, THEIR PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURE 



Long-leaf pines bled, for a long number of years, by 

 the box system, near New Berne, North Carolina. 



(c) Operations of subsequent SEASONS:-In the follow- 

 ing seasons, the face is gradually carried upward until the 

 working becomes unprofitable. 



The output of dip, now called yellow dip, decreases 

 from year to year, with the increase of distance between 

 the freshly hacked face and the box. The scrape preponder- 

 ates over the dip. 



Longleaf pine may be tapped for an indefinite number 

 of years, if periodic intermissions permit the trees to recuperate. 

 Usually, the campaign extends over three to four years. 



The number of faces made on a tree depends on its 

 diameter. A tree of 22 inches diameter receives three faces; 

 a tree of 16 inches diameter receives two faces, whilst smaller 

 trees receive one face only. A strip of bark about 8 inches 

 wide separates the faces sidewise. 



II. French method (Hugues system): - 



(a) Species USED:- Pinus maritima, which grows on 

 the sand dunes fringing the Western shore of France, is 

 exclusively treated to this method. 



(b) Operations :- 



1. Remove the rough bark around the tree to prevent 

 pieces of bark from falling onto the face. 



2. In early March make a scar close to the ground 

 4 inches wide and 1 ''4 feet high, removing -',.-, inch 



of sapwood. The instrument used is a bent-bladed, crooked -handled axe. 



3. Insert a toothed collar, made of zinc or iron, into an incision cut with a sharp curved knife 

 at the bottom of the scar. 



4. Hang a glazed earthen pot on a nail immediately under the lip of the collar. The pot is 

 5V2 inches deep, 5' ,, inches wide at top and 3 inches wide at bottom. 



5. Extend the 4 -inch scar week by week upward until October, taking each time a thin layer of 

 sapwood off the old face. The final length of the face reached in a number of years is up 

 to 30 feet. 



6. The collar and cup are moved each spring to the top of the preceding year's face. 



The nailhoie in the pot allows rainwater to run off, since water is lighter than crude rosin. 

 The pot is often covered with a wooden lid, the face itself by rough boards. 



Hi. Dr. Charles H. Herty's gutter method : - 



(a) APPLICABILITY:- The method can be applied to bled or unbled trees. It has been tried by the 

 U. S. Forest Service since 1902 in the Southern pineries, and is being adopted gradually by all intelligent 

 operators. 



(b) Operations of the first season: — 



1. Use cornering axe to provide two flat cheeks 8 inches above the ground forming an angle of 

 about 120 degrees; each is half as high as it is long; total width about 14 inches. Two men, 

 right and left handed, cut 3,000 such faces per day. 



2. Make two 'ncisions at base of faces, one for each cheek, one at least an inch higher than the 

 other. Tot! used is a broad-axe having a 12-inch straight blade. 



3. Insert galva.ized sheet iron gutters into the incisions. Gutters are 2 inches wide and 6 inches 

 to 12 inches lor..^, bent to proper form (angle 120 degrees) by a tilting- bench contrivance. The 

 lower gutter projev;ts by IV2 inches over the mouth of the upper, the projection forming a spout. 



