NAVAL STORES, THEIR PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURE 



175 



Dr. Charles H. Herty's gutter method. 



4. Fasten with a nail an earthenware cup of a capacity 

 equaling that of a box (5'/,," XSVl. " X 7") in such 

 a way that its rim stands V2 inch below the spout, 

 and that the nailhole is as far as possible from 

 the spout. The nailhole should be 2 inches below 

 the rim of the cup. 



5. Chipping as in method I; cups emptied from time 

 to time into collecting buckets. 



(c) Operations of subsequent seasons: -Next season, 

 the uppermost chipped channels receive incisions and gutters 

 as per (b), 2 and 3, above. The cup is moved to the upper 

 end of the face made in the previous year. 



(d) Equipment. Equipment required for 10,000 faces is: - 

 10,500 cups (cost 1 ", c each = ,y 131-25). 

 Gutter strips made from 1,886 pounds of galvanized 



iron, 29 gauge (cost of material # 103'27 ; cost of 



cutting and shaping gutters •y4). 

 10,000 sixpenny nails (costing ryl'05) 

 Freight charges are about #304. 

 Labor at the trees requires an outlay of •'?80. 



(e) RESULTS: -Dr. Herty justly claims financial superiority 

 of this method over the old Southern method, due to an 

 increased output of turpentine. 



The Herty method also restricts the damage to the trees by fire, by storm, and by insects. 

 Some operators guide the rosin into the cups by means of a wire. The drops of rosin descend 

 along the wire more rapidly than along the face. 



IV. The airtight jar method. (Compare "Scientific American" October 28, 1911.) 



(a) This method is applicable to all conifers, and to 

 all trees regardless of size. It does away with the danger 

 from fire and with permanent injuries to the trees. 



(b) Instead of axes, augers are used. Two holes, 

 V4 inch wide, are bored into the tree close together at the 

 mouth, and then diverging with an upward trend into the tree, 

 towards the heart. 



(c) The holes are covered by a metal- lid, inserted 

 into a shallow groove of 2Vi inches diameter bored over 

 the two smaller and deeper holes. The metal-lid connects, 

 by a hollow, rectangular arm, with a metal-cap similar in size 

 to the metal -lid, which cap, threaded at the inside to receive 

 a glass jar to be screwed into it, should hang horizontally. 

 The thread must be so exact as to be airtight, when the jar 

 is screwed on. 



By this means, the tree is prevented from closing the 

 wound inflicted. The rosin oozing from the wound is prevented 

 from oxidizing and crystallizing so as to remain liquid. 



The jar is emptied whenever it is filled with rosin, to be 

 replaced immediately for a new run. 



(d) The method can be applied, at the same spot on 

 the same tree, for an indefinite number of years. Theairtight jar method (Phoiotrom-sciemmc American.") 



