ECONOMIC WOODS OF THE UNITED STATES 85 



b^ Color light reddish-brown or pinkish. Con- 

 centric lines of resin cells visible with lens and 

 often without it. Odor more pronounced and 

 wood firmer and less brash than in preceding. 

 Growth rings mostly moderately wide. Sp. 

 gr. .30-.45, mostly between .30 and .35. 

 White Cedar, ChamoBcyparis thyoides (L.) 

 B. S. P., or C. sphoeroidea Spach. (N, S). 



b Tracheids with spirals. Wood parenchyma (resin cells) and ray 

 tracheids wholly absent. Taxaceae.* 



a^ Color reddish-brown to rose-red. Clear demarcation 

 between heartwood and sap wood. Woods without 

 odor. 



a^ Color bright orange to rose-red; thin sapwood pale 

 yellow. Wood uniform and very dense. Sp. gr. 

 .62— .70. Tracheids very small, thick-walled. 



(Western) Yew, Taxus brevifolia Nutt. (P). 



b^ Color brownish-red; thin sapwood nearly white. 

 Wood somewhat less dense. Sp. gr. .63. Tracheids 

 comparatively large and not so thick-walled as in preceding. 

 Florida Yew, T. floridana Nutt. (S). 



b^ Color bright clear yellow, without pronounced demar- 

 cation between heartwood and sapwood. Wood with 

 characteristic odor. Sp. gr. .44-.60, mostly around 

 .50. California Nutmeg, Tumion californicum (Torr.) 

 Greene, or Torreya calif ornica Torr. (Ps); Stinking 

 Cedar, Tumion taxifolium (Arn.) Greene, or Torreya 

 taxifolia Arn. (S). 



II. Porous Woods: Dicotyledons, Hardwoods, Broad- 

 leaf Woods 



Vessels present; varying in size from large and conspicuous to 

 minute. Woods comparatively heterogeneous, being composed 

 of several kinds of elements, mostly irregularly disposed. Growth 

 rings varying from very distinct in the ring-porous woods to in- 

 distinct in some of the diffuse-porous. Wood parenchyma 



* The woods of the Taxaceae are of very limited commercial importance 

 because of their scarcity and small size. 



