Anatomy and Affinities ©/Hypsobia nosopliora. 413 



placed with any confidence. If Heiide's figure of the nervous 

 system is to be trnsted, lleinibia — with wliich Ilypsohia 

 shows such remarkable likeness in its specialized respiratory 

 system — differs from Hypsobia \\\ tiiis respect as well as in 

 the shell. 



It would seem better to regard Ilypsohia as the representa- 

 tive of a subfamily distinct from tlie Paludestrinin^e, but 

 approximating to them more closely than to other subfamilies 

 the structure of which is known to us. 



Conclusions. 



(1) Hyjysohia is a genus referable to the Paludestriniehe^ 



but probably representing a separate subfamily. 



(2) It agrees with IJemibia and Littorina in showing an 



adai^tation to an amphibious mode of life in the 

 structure of its gill and pallial cavity, which is in 

 accordance with what is known of its habits. 



(3) It possesses a crystalline style-sac exactly comparable 



to that of Bytliiitella and Paludestrina. 



(4) The female generative organs are peculiar in two 



respects — the large accessory gland with (sc.) uterine 

 termination opening separately from the oviduct, and 

 possibly comparable to the brood-pouch of other 

 forms, and the muscular sheath imbedded in the 

 glandular tissue of the latter. 



Works quoted. 



(i) Annandale, N. Records lud. Mus. xxii. pt. i. p. 1 (1921). 



(2) , Mem. As. Soc. Bengal, vi. p. 306 (1918). 



(3) Bregenzee, a. Zool. Jahrb. xxxix. Heft 2, p. 2.37 (191G). 



(4) CoRT, W. W. Journ. Parasitology, tI. p. 84 (1919). 



(5) Heude, p. M. Memoire . . . histoire naturelle de I'Empire Chinois. 



Shanghai, 1880 (passim). 



(6) Leiper, R., and Atkinson, E. British Med. Journ., Jan. 1915. 



(7) Moore, J. E. S. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. xlii. (1899) p. 160. 



(8) Pelseneeb, p. Arch, de Biol. xiv. p. 351 (1896). 



(9) PiLSBRY, H. The ' Nautilus,' May 1915, p. 1. 



(10) RoBSON, G. C. Jirit. Med. Journ., Jan. 1916. 



(11) . Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9j vol. v. p. 425 (1920). 



(12) . Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. (In the press.) 



(13) Seibold, W. Jahresheft. Ver. Vat. Naturk. Wurttemberg, Ix. 



p. 198 (1904). 



Note. — Miyairi's original paper, with the first reference (without 

 description) to this mollusc, and Iwakawa's paper on the nomenclature 

 and hibenmtiou (Zool. Record, 1918) were not available for reference. 



