Mesopotamia and N. W. Persia. 599 



epnrgyros has always been regarded as a synonym of 

 acamas, Klug, which it is not, as the original descriptions 

 and figures clearly prove. Acamas always has the base of 

 the forewing as far as the origin of vein 2. and usually the 

 Avhole (or greater part) of proximal half of hindwing, grey ; 

 in epnrgyros the yellow ground-colour extends right up to 

 the base of the wings. In epargijros any lighter yellow area 

 on the forewing is confined to area 6 ; in acamas these 

 liohter areas are sometimes white, and may extend into the 

 cell and areas 5 and 4. But the readiest means of separating 

 the two species is by the shape of the submarginal band 

 of the forewing below. In acamas this is an even band (or 

 comparatively so) with a straight inner edge, or bordered 

 internally by a series of narrow straight lines; in eparyuros, 

 as stated very clearly by Eversmaun, it is made up of a 

 series of decided crescents, their convex sides inward. 

 • Typical acamas can be separated from its better-known 

 Indian form lajpargyros by its l)righter colour and its much 

 less heavily marked npperside, and also by the underside 

 markings, which are cloudier than in hypargijros. It appears 

 to be confined to Syria and Arabia, and has a softer general 

 appearance than its Indian form. 



Swinhoe's figures of A. acamas in Lep. Ind. pi. 734 are 

 misleading. Figs. 1 and 1 b are from a male of A. epar- 

 (jyros of the typical form from Persia ; fig. I a is from an 

 apparently very dry form of ^i. acamas hypargyros from 

 Chaman. Both specimens are in the B.M. 



17. Zephyrus quercus longicauda, subsp. n. 



13 J, 13 ? , 18. 7. 18-7. 8. 18,Paitak, Harir, and Karind 

 Gorge. 



A well-marked local race. It is distinguished from tlie 

 tyi)ical Eurojjeau quercus most readily by its generally 

 rather larger size, the brighter and more brilliant colour of 

 the npperside of the male, and the great increase in the 

 length of the tails. These measnre 3-4 mm. consistently, as 

 against 1-2 in European specimens. On the underside the 

 general coloration is much lighter grey and the transverse 

 white bands much stiaigliter. The submarginal markings 

 of the forewing below, ^ith the exception of those in areas 

 1 b and 2, which are large, dark, and prominent, are almost 

 absent. The anal lobe of the hindwing is much larger than 

 in typical quercus, and the black s])ot which covers it twice 

 the size. 



