On the Gdiera Leptophobia ayid Pieris. 13 



abnormally worn teeth. The squirrels of the cepapi group 

 were also in an unsatisfactory state, the East- African forms 

 being confused with oepapi proper, a slightly larger animal 

 with even less hypsodont teeth ; the tooth figured as be- 

 longing to F. cepapi in Dr. Major's paper belongs really to 

 a squirrel from Kilimanjaro, probably F. ganana, which is 

 closely allied to F. Jacksom. 



It is a curious and it might be said inconvenient fact, 

 that in the pattern of their teeth and in the shape of the 

 skull the harsher-furred squirrels approach Sciurus, while 

 the softer-furred approach Xenis ; with the exception of 

 S. rufohrachiatus, the rule would almost hold good that the 

 harsher the fur the nearer to Sciurus^ the softer the fur the 

 nearer to Xerus, 



III. — On the Butterjlies of the Genera Leptophobia and Pieris. 

 By Arthur G. Butler, Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S.,&c. 



In spite of adverse criticism, I have seen no reason to change 

 my decision either as to the distinctness of Leplophohia or as 

 to what should be regarded as typical Pieris. Strictly 

 speaking, perhaps, Pamassius apollo should be regarded as 

 the type of Pieris^ Schrank ; Scudder, however, considers 

 Ganoris rapat to be the type, regarding the closely related 

 G. brassicce as generically distinct. I have clearly proved 

 that the trivial cliaracters upon which these two nearly allied 

 " cabbage- butterflies " were separated are utterly unreliable, 

 being inconstant in the extreme. If we were, on the other 

 hand, to make Pamassius apollo the type of Pieris, it would 

 not only create hopeless confusion, but would necessitate 

 giving a fresh name to the subfamily Pieringe, a course not 

 to be desired by any who keep in view the sole object of 

 nomenclature. 



As before, therefore, I accept Boisduval's definition of 

 Pieris, taking P. amathonte { = P. demophile ? ) as its type. 



In the ' Biologia Centrali-Americana ' the genus Pieris is 

 expanded to include Synchloe, Mylothris, Leptophobia, and 

 Glutophrissa ; but personally I prefer to keep all groups 

 having constant structural differences, whether of neuration 

 or other details, as separate genera. As regards the state- 

 ment that P. protodice {Synchloe) is sexually inconstant in 

 neuration, I can only suggest that this state of things is indi- 

 vidual and abnormal, inasmuch as nine out of our ten male 

 examples show the apical fuica in the primaries quite as 



