108 Prof. Mqntosh's Notes from the 



visible under a lens in all the specimens. Fragments of tlio 

 carapace of copepods adhered to the tube-feet, apparently after 

 digestion. 



This remarkable Bipinnaria has thus been procured in 

 various European waters, from Norway to the Mediterranean. 

 The earlier stages would seem to occur in August and the 

 later in September and October. The development of the 

 lateral webs on the median and terminal fins would appear to 

 occur as the Bipinnaria increases in age and size. There is 

 considerable variety, indeed, in regard to the shape of the 

 terminal fin, some being simply notched, while others are 

 broadly lobate. Mr. Bury * informs me he was led by the 

 remarks of Sig. Lo Bianco at Naples to associate the larval 

 starfish with Luidia, a conclusion fully borne out by an 

 examination of the specimens at St. Andrews, even before 

 the literature was consulted. 



The adults of both Luidia ciliaris, Johnst., and L. Sarsij 

 Diib. & Kor., occur off St. Andrews Bay, the former east of 

 the Isle of May and the latter near the Bell E,ock. The 

 ovaries of L. Savignii are nearly ripe in the beginning of 

 July, forming arborescent organs dichotomously divided and 

 of a rich orange inclining to red. Perfect specimens are 

 obtained on the fishing-grounds by at once dropping them 

 from the hooks into strong spirit. 



3. On Lepidonotus Wahlbergi, Kinherg, and its Relation to 

 L. clava, Montagu. 



Kinberg, in 1858, gave a recognizable account, with figures, 

 of a Lepidonotus from the Cape and Port Natal, under the 

 above specific name. Amongst other distinctive characters 

 he alluded to the tuberculated scales which had smooth edges. 

 His figures of the dorsal and ventral bristles differed from 

 those of any other species, the former having moderately 

 elongated tips, with numerous rows of spikes and a sharp 

 point, and the latter a proportionally longer tip with a longer 

 row of spikes than in Lepidonotus clava, Mont. Kinberg 

 pointed out that his species was probably in part the Aphro- 

 dita squamata of Pallas, who conjoined the European form as 

 figured by Baster with the foregoing. 



The same fotm was procured by the ' Challenger ' at Sea 

 Point, near Cape Town, and it is described in the volume 

 devoted to the Annelids. It is possible that Schmarda's 



* I am indebted to Mr. Bury for references to various communications 

 on the subject. 



