CASTRATION. 57 



disease is also known as the Thumps. Incurable. (See 

 Heart Disease.) 



Caries. — This term means an ulceration of the bone. 

 The most frequent form of caries is seen on the lower jaw- 

 bone ; the teeth are next affected. If the upper teeth be 

 ulcerated to any extent, a fetid (stinking) discharge will 

 run from the nostril upon the side on which the diseased 

 teeth are situated, which has been repeatedly mistaken for 

 glanders by " horse doctors." If caries of the bones of the 

 head exist, the swelling of the head will be enormous — 

 Big-Head, or Osteoporosis — and not Osteosarcoma, as it 

 Ijas been called. 



BONE FORCEPS. 



Cause, A disposition in the system to appropriate to the 

 bones more calcareous or earthy matter than is required. 



Treatment. If caries be confined to the teeth, have them 

 taken out. AYhen confined to the bones of the head, it is 

 incurable. The animal will die of hunger, as he is unable 

 to use his tongue and jaws, or gather and chew his feed. 

 Happily, it is not a common disease in the Middle States. 

 There have been many cases in the Western States. Arsenic 

 and the hot iron are there recommended. Better let the 

 horse die than increase his suffering, as he will die any way. 



Castration. — This is an operation for the purpose of 

 depriving the horse-colt of his entirety by the removal of 

 the testes. It is a simple and safe operation. Any person 

 having once seen it done, can do it also, if he have the 



