354 HOESE AND CATTLE MEDICINES. 



some horses and cattle become completely wild, when tlie 

 effects of the inhalation commence to act upon the brain. 

 On the other hand, some horses will quietly stand up, 

 others as quietly will lay down under it. 



Two to four ounces are sufficient to produce anasthsesia, 

 or loss of sensibility. The usual way of giving chloroform 

 by inhalation is, by pouring about two ounces of chloroform 

 on a soft and moist sponge, whilst the animal is tied down, 

 and holding the sponge to one nostril only, covering the 

 nose loosely, with a large towel, to save the fumes of the 

 chloroform, using great care not to exclude the admission 

 of pure air with the fumes of the chloroform. 



In all operations lasting any length of time, whether in 

 the horse or the cow, humanity and fine feeling demand 

 the outlay for a little chloroform. It is not necessary to 

 completely destroy all feeling — -just sufficient to blunt the 

 sensibility of the nerve centres. 



CholagOgues. — Medicines which increase the flow of 

 bile. 



Examples : Calomel, podophyllin, irridin, leptandrin, etc. 



Cinchona. — Peruvian, or Jesuit Barh There are sev- 

 eral barks of cinchona, used in medicine, and from which 

 the sulphate of quinine is made. Cinchona, or its barks, 

 are not used in horse and cattle diseases. 



Quinine is the only preparation used ; but its high price 

 is against its general use, in veterinary practice. Among 

 valuable horses, it is frequently used to hasten recovery 

 from influenza, lung fever, etc. 



Dose. Twenty to forty grains, repeated from three to 

 four times a day. 



Quinine is apt to be adulterated with arsenic, as proved 

 to be the case with many samples used during the late war. 



