26 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 



in a majority of cases, and is usually intense. It is sharp and cutting in 

 character and is felt especially in the act of inhaling. It increases during 

 inspiration, often becoming so severe that the act is shortened and arrested 

 before completed. This is due to the pain, caused by the rubbing together 

 of the inflamed sides of the pleura as the lung expands. The respiration 

 is consequently quickened, and the animal instinctively multiplies the acts 

 to compensate for the want of a full inspiration. 



Cough is usually present. The pain in coughing leads instinctively to 

 efforts to repress it, and its character is termed suppressed. 



Fever is coincident with the development of the inflammation, varying 

 in intensity in different cases. 



The usual indications associated with fever are present; restlessness, 

 thirst, pulse rapid, full, and bounding, nose hot and dry, tongue slightly 

 coated, -eyes watery, and wearing a pleading anxious look, the whites red- 

 dened and the lining of the lids deeper in color. 



After a considerable amount of effusion has taken place, the symptoms 

 are materially modified. The pain is notably lessened, the acts of coughing 

 are less distressing, and the efforts at suppression not so apparent. The 

 fever diminishes, and the other evidences of constitutional disturbance, 

 in a manner disappear. The respirations continue, more or less hurried, 

 their frequency now depending on the compression of the lung by fluid. 



If a considerable amount of liquid is rapidly effused, the respirations are 

 quickened; the animal suffers from a painful sense of the want of breath, 

 and may be obliged to maintain a sitting posture, with fore legs spread 

 widely apart. If the quantity is not large and the effusion has not taken 

 place rapidly, less suffering will be noted while quiet, but exertion will 

 cause panting and a sense of suffocation. 



With a small quantity of effusion, the animal prefers, when lying down, 

 to lie on the affected side, as in that position he is able to expand more 

 fully the opposite lung. With a large quantity of fluid present, the breath- 

 ing becomes more labored and abdominal as shown by the heaving action 

 of the muscles of the flank. The limbs become dropsical, suffocation is 

 threatened, and death may result from that cause. 



Diagnosis. — In the earlier stages some difficulty will be experienced in 

 discriminating between the disease under consideration, and pneumonia. 

 An examination of the chest by inspection, will show restrained move- 

 ments, caused by the pain. Examination by the ear will determine the 

 respiratory sound more or less weakened on the affected side, due to the 

 fact that pain leads instinctively to a diminished use of the lung involved, 

 while the action of the other lung is increased. No great importance can 

 be attached to this sign alone, as in some attacks of pneumonia, severe 

 pain may exist, and the same appearance be present. A pleural friction 



