THE IIOKSl^. 59 



to the strap near the buckle affords a similar defense, to the coronet in 

 front. The heel-strap runs through the upper rings, crosses the heel, 

 and encircles the coronet ; and its ofHce is to keep the heels of the 

 shoe closely applied to the hoof, and to prevent them from sliding for- 

 ward. 



In the application oi^ the sandal, the foot is taken up with one hand, 

 and the shoe slipped upon it with the other. With the same hand, 

 the shoe is retained in its place, while the foot is gradually let down to 

 rest on the ground. As soon as this is done, the straps are drawn as 

 tight as possible, and buckled. 



The preceding engraving represents an accurate delineation of the 

 sandal, when properly fastened to the foot. 



TO MANAGE A FALLEN HORSE.— Horses occasionally fall from bad rid- 

 ing, or bad shoeing, or overreaching, or an awkward way of setting on 

 the saddle. The head, the neck, the knees, the back, or the legs will 

 oftenest suffer. It is often difficult to get the animal on his legs again, 

 especially if he is old and exhausted, or injured by the fall. Tlie prin- 

 cipal object is, to support the head, and to render it a fixed point from 

 which the muscles may act in supporting the body. 



If the horse is in harness, it is seldom that he can rise until he is 

 freed from the shafts and traces. The first thing is to secure the head, 

 and to keep it down, that he may not beat himself against the ground. 

 Next, the parts of the harness connected with the carriage must be 

 unbuckled — the carriage must then be backed a little way, so that he 

 may have room to rise. If necessary, the traces must be taken off; 

 and after the horse gets up, he must be steadied a little, until he collects 

 himself. 



. THE VICES AND DISAGREEABLE OR DANGEROUS HABITS OF THE HORSE. 



— The horse has many excellent qualities, but he has likewise defects, 

 and these occasionally amounting to vices. Some of them may be at- 

 tributed to natural temper, for the human being scarcely discovers more 

 peculiarities of habit and disposition than does the horse. The major- 

 ity of them, however, as perhaps in the human being, are the conse- 

 quences of a faulty education. Their early instructor has been ignorant 

 and brutal, and they have become obstinate and vicious. 



Restivencss. — At the head of all the vices of the horse is restiveness, 

 the most annoying and the most dangerous of all. It is the produce 

 of bad temper and worse education ; and, like all other habits founded 

 on nature and stamped by education, it is inveterate. Whether it ap- 

 pears in the form of kicking, or rearing, plunging, or bolting, or in any 

 way that threatens danger to the rider or the horse, it rarely admits of 

 cure. 



A determined rider may to a certain extent subjugate the animal; 

 or the horse may have his favorites, or form his attachments, and with 

 some particular person he may be comparatively or perfectly managea- 

 ble; but others cannot long depend upon him, and even his master is 

 not always sure of him. It is a rule, that admits of very few exceptions, 

 that he neither displays his wisdom nor consults his safety, who at- 

 tempts to conquer a restive horse. 



Balking. — Some horses have the habit of balking at first starting, but 



