134: DOMESTIC AJSTDIALS. 



time it is found to be a thick gelatinous mass. In one minnte after this 

 the mass became more mucilaginous, and was improved. Nine bushels 

 of cut pea straw were then placed very gradually, and by one bushel at 

 ,1 time, in a tub twenty-eight inches high ; the liquid jelly was now 

 taken out in a scoop, poured upon it, and as each addition was made 

 the whole was rammed down by a kind of beater, more for the purpose 

 of mixing the mass, and confining the heat, than for any other object. 

 The present cost of the animals in flax-seed is 3s. per head per week. 

 In addition to this, they have also about one busliel of cut Swedes per 

 day. 



Mr. "Warnes occasionally mixes his compound with meal. This, 

 when used, is also sprinkled over the boiling mucilage. So soon as 

 the first boiling was nearly emptied from the boiler, it was again filled 

 with water, and was ready for another boil, when required. 



As a test of its value, Mr. Warnes furnished the following remarks 

 and experiments illustrative of the effects of his system : " Flax-seed," 

 he says, "has five essential properties, naraelv, mucilage, oil, albumen, 

 gluten and sugar. The shell, or external crust, is the hardest of all 

 seeds, and the most difficult to break in pieces ; but not too hard for 

 the miller, who has every particle ground almost to powder, in order 

 that all the oil may be expressed, which it could not be if coarsely 

 crushed. This is demonstrated by the cake, in which the presence of 

 seed is scarcely apparent. To a similar state seed for the cattle com- 

 pounds ought to be reduced ; otherwise some, at least, of the properties 

 above described will pass off without benefit to the fattenitig animals. 

 This the scientific grazier will discover by the excrements, in which he 

 will find sufiicient cause for grinding, not only flax-seed, but all grain or 

 pulse, if possible, into flour. From researches like these the profitable 

 returns for grazing upon my premises, may be dated." The expenses of 

 this copper, with the whole working apparatus for eighty or one hun- 

 dred head of stock, will not be more than four pounds. 



A part of Mr. Warnes's system is the feeding in boxes, the growth of 

 flax-seed, the manufcicture of the fiber into flax, and the soiling of cattle 

 with green food and compound in summer. It would swell this article 

 much beyond its legitimate limits, if the box system were more fully 

 described. It may suffice to say, that the boxes at Mr. Warnes's have 

 been put up very cheaply — they form two sides of what has formerly 

 been a fold-yard. The sides have liad a roof put along the wall, sup- 

 ported by pillars of wood, and divided by rails of any ordinary wood ; 

 the front next the yard being inclosed by two gates. The box is eight 

 feet six inches square; and adjoining the wall is a passage from which 

 the food is given in tronohs, which are made to slide up or down as the 

 manure accumulates. The manure is never carted out until it is taken 

 to the fields; and, as the boxes are walled for one foot from the bottom, 

 there is not the slightest escape of the liquid manure or of the ammoni>i, 

 and therefore it is peculiarly ricli, from this circumstance and from the 

 stimulating food sup])liod to the fattening animals. 



Much has been said as to the dirt and filth, and unnatural state of the 

 animals; but their condition is precisely the reverse, in every respect; 

 they are quiet, have exercise sufficient for healthy secretion, can feed at 



