CATTLE. 143 



tlie liiglicst confidence. Mr. Carpenter has long been Icnown in the 

 i)ntter making region, and in tl)e market, as one of the most intelligelit 

 'i^iKl successful dairymen and farmers in the county, and as a manufac- 

 turer of the veritable " Orange county butter :^^ 



" The basis for a good and profitable butter-dairy is, a stock liilfilling 

 as nearly as practicable all those constitutional and structural conditions 

 ^vhich combine in the animal high milking qualities, with good size, 

 robust health, and longevity. The next step^g a prompt and thorough 

 practice of the best method of treatment of the same by which the 

 largest yield of the best quality of milk is secured. The next and best 

 step in the achievement of a first-class dairy of butter is the application 

 to its manufacture of an intimate and critical knowledge of the true 

 process — from the expressing of the milk to the final touch the butter 

 receives preparatory to the transit of the package to market. 



*' How to take the first step? ^. e., lay in the stock, or near it, Mr. 

 Carpenter thinks can be known much more satisfactorily by reference to 

 and study of popular authorities on the subject — writers who have made 

 the rearing of stock with that view a speciality, and yet it is practical, 

 common sense, and close and accurate observation which must be the 

 main dependence at last. The next branch of inquiry, which is none 

 the less important, is not so easily pursued to satisfactory results by an 

 ' appeal to the same sources of information. Long and close experience 

 has confirmed Mr. Carpenter in the accuracy of the following system or 

 mode of treatment : the best summer food for the dairy stock, that 

 which yields the largest quantity and best quality of milk, is a mixture 

 of the finer grasses, such as red and white clover, timothy, and blue 

 grass, all of which thrive w^ell in desirable couibination in the pasture 

 fields of the Chemung Valley. All coarse, rank, and strongly-fiavored 

 weeds, of whatever description, must be banished from the feeding range 

 of the dairy stock, otherwise butter of the finest quality cannot be made. 

 Neither should they be fed during the milking season on any description 

 of roots or coarse pungent vegetables, such as cabbage, if the butter is 

 to be packed in firkins or any other vessel with the purpose of keep- 

 ing. 



" Even pumpkins are not desirable, though they may be used without 

 material detriment. In the spi'ing the season roots are most commonly 

 used and advised. A small allowance of grain is much more beneficial. 

 It accomplishes just what is needed, without contributing to undesirable 

 results. It gives additional strength of muscle — the main thing de- 

 sired — while, if judiciously given, it does not materially increase the 

 deposit of fat. It also increases the quantity, and improves the quality 

 of the milk, while roots and vegetables increase the quantity, but rather 

 deteriorate the quality. 



"During the milking season the cows must be moved from the pas- 

 ture-field with great caution to prevent overheat of the system. That 

 cannot take place in any degree without the milk being unfavorably af- 

 fected in a corresponding ratio. And when they are in the heat of the 

 sexual or copulating fever, the milk should not be used in the dairy, or 

 with that from which butter for packing is to be made. For at such 

 periods nature has provided for a medical interruption of the secretion 



