i66 GARDEN CRAFT IN EUROPE 



not appear in the earlier print, and in the later edition there are eleven 

 additional plates giving nev^^ varieties, mostly named after Dutch- 

 men ; this addendum marks the beginning of the tulip mania and roughly 

 fixes its date. The use of coloured earths and sands, an expedient invented 

 by the Italians rather than by the Dutch, became more prevalent ; in some 

 cases the paths and alleys were covered over w^ith line sand or marble dust or 



A FLOWER GARDEN FROM CRISPIN DE PASSES HORTUS FLORIDUS, I614. 



paved with bricks, tiles, or cut stones. Sometimes when the parterre is large 

 it is divided into four parts by miniature canals. Fountains occupy an impor- 

 tant part in the design, and they were frequently elaborate structures of bronze, 

 marble or lead. 



The storks' nests, provided by the owners of the houses, are always 

 shown in these old illustrations, and may still be met with in any country 

 house in the Netherlands. They are constructed about twenty or thirty 



