ENGLISH GARDENS OF i6th, i/th AND i8th CENTURIES 211 



good fointes of hushanderie^ which appeared in 1557. Tusser's advice is 

 practical and simple-minded. Thomas Hill was another author, whose 

 two works, The profitable Arte of Gardening (1563) and The Gardeners Laby- 

 rinth: containing a discourse of the Gardener's life (1577), also add to our 

 information concerning the gardens of this period. The voyages of Raleigh 

 and Cavendish in 1580 and 1588 immensely stimulated the growing interest 

 in botanical study and research. The return of Raleigh and the fame of his 

 collections brought over from the con- 

 tinent the celebrated Clusius, trans- 

 lator of Dodoeus' History of Plants. 

 John Gerarde's Herbal, published in 

 1597, is founded entirely on that of 

 Dodoeus. Gerarde was born in 1546, 

 cultivated his physic garden at Hol- 

 born, and for twenty years superin- 

 tended the garden of Lord Burleigh. 

 Bacon's essay upon Gardening 

 is too well known to need transcrib- 

 ing here. Whether the garden which 

 he described was ideal and wholly 

 imaginary, or whether it was the pic- 

 ture of an actual garden, we cannot 

 tell, but there can be no doubt that 

 the essay fairly represented the ideal 

 of a nobleman of the Elizabethan 

 and early Jacobean period. It is inter- 

 esting to note, as the late J. D. Sedding 

 pointed out, ^ that in spite of its lofty 



dreaming, "it treats of the hard and dry side of gardening as a science and 

 exhibits the rational attitude of Bacon and his school towards external nature, 

 with no trace of the mawkish sentimentality of the modern landscape gar- 

 dener, proud of his discoveries, bursting to show how condescending he can 

 be towards nature." 



John Parkinson was the first English gardener who seriously encouraged 

 the cultivation of flowers for other than medicinal purposes ; he was appointed 



1 Garden Craft, Old and New. J..T5. Sedding. 



JOHN PARKINSON, FROM THE ENGRAVED POR- 

 TRAIT IN THE " THEATRUM BOTANICUM." 



