238 



GARDEN CRAFT IN EUROPE 



parterre surrounded by pleached tunnels ; the third is divided between the 

 orchard and kitchen garden ; six circular arbours project into the moat, 

 and each arbour has an upper chamber formed by pleaching the branches of 

 the trees. Smaller designs for town gardens are also illustrated. 



The best general idea of German and Austrian gardens of the seven- 

 teenth century is to be had from the exhaustive collection of topographical 

 prints published about 1650 by Matthew Merian.i His descriptive accounts 

 are most instructive, and the engravings include all the principal German 

 castles, together with a number of smaller houses and monasteries. In one of 



these gardens near 

 Vienna we see a low 

 orangery with dining 

 halls at either end 

 leading to two terraces 

 and to the flower gar- 

 den. The great par- 

 terre upon the other 

 side of the orangery 

 is surrounded by a 

 stone-paved walk with 

 picturesque angle 

 towers rising to a 

 height of three stories ; 

 beyond the walls that 

 enclosed the parterre 

 was a meadow separ- 

 ated by a canal from 

 the deer park, which was enclosed within a high wall having ten large round 

 pigeon towers. 



Another garden known as /)^r Kielmdrmische Garten (illus., p. 241), also 

 near Vienna, has both orchard and parterre enclosed within long tunnelled 

 walks ; part of the parterre is reserved for herbs, and the remaining part laid 

 out in regular geometrical patterns. 



A GERMAN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY GARDEN, FROM AN 

 ENGRAVING BY MATTHEW MERIAN. 



^ In addition to his topographical works he published a volume Florilegiiim Renovatum et 

 Auctnm, Frankfort, 1641, containing a series of garden designs. 



