GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN GARDENS 



241 



As in Holland, the moat survived as a means of protection well into the 

 eighteenth century and the majority of castle gardens were moated, but 

 where this was not possible for lack of water they are enclosed within strong 

 walls with protective angle towers. Old engravings of the city of Bruns- 

 wick show a collection of large and small gardens and parterres beyond the 

 fortifications of the city, each with its little watch tower and gardener's 



DER KIELMANNISCIIE GARTEN, NEAR VIENNA. 



house. The Castle of Zeillern had its gardens entirely within the moat. 

 The Palace of the Kurfurst at Berlin had one of the finest gardens of the 

 period, laid out upon an artificial island surrounded by an arm of the Spree. 

 Here water forms the principal part of the design. It was pumped up from 

 the river and traced out the design of the parterre in little running channels 

 set within stone kerbs. 



