9 



The estates also provide schools, one for the hoys and one for the 

 girls. Amusements such as circuses and travelling theaters, are en- 

 cou raged. 



Not only the Government but the estates are alive to the fact 

 that to get good work they must have good laborers and treat them 

 well. In most sugar growing countries the difficulty seems to have 

 been to induce the natives of that country to work in the fields, and 

 importations from other countries have had to be made. If by harbor- 

 ing the interests of the native laborers, they can be induced to con- 

 tinue to work, Peru will have accomplished what many other coun- 

 tries have failed in. 



Stock. The stock used on an estate are horses, small mules, and 

 oxen. The animals are allowed alternate weeks of pasture and work. 

 Cane tops and alfalfa are used as food. 



Tarea or task system. On most of the estates, as much of the work 

 as possible is done by the task or tarea. Cane cutting, cane loading, 

 planting, and weeding are done in this way. It makes no difference so 

 far as pay is concerned how much time a man puts in for he is paid only 

 for the particular piece of work. The system is so well organized 

 that the work can be laid out fairly to all. While each gang of labor- 

 ers has it overseers, the relations between them are much pleasanter 

 than with day labor because it eliminates the ever antagonistic 

 element "drive". It has the advantage also of bringing out a laborer's 

 aptitude for a particular work. The number of tasks a laborer has 

 completed during the week are carefully recorded. A good deal of 

 study has been given to this and the outcome is a pretty reliable sys- 

 tem of checks and counter-checks. 



The regular officers of an estate are about as follows: Manager, 

 sub-manager, cashier, book-keeper, engineers, machinists, overseers, 

 carpenters, blacksmith. Many of the estates are equipped with a labo- 

 ratory for chemical work and employ chemists. They employ an 

 attorney to attend to all legal matters. There are also Agencies repre- 

 senting them in the seaport where the sugar is shipped, and usually 

 Agencies in Lima or Callao. 



The estates are connected with adjoining estates and towns by tele- 

 phone and railroad. Contracts are entered into with the railroads for 

 the delivery of sugar to the port. 



