While some of the factories in operation today are similar to those 

 just spoken of, the tendency is to introduce modern appliances and 

 methods. Financial or other conditions have not always permitted an 

 entire reconstruction of the larger factories, and so both old and new 

 methods and appliances are found together. The weeding out of the 

 old is merely a matter of time. The better factories have installed dry 

 double crushing, The mills are usually three roller of about the 

 32x6632x7834x84 type, some of them being fitted with hydraul- 

 ic pressure apparatus .The mills are generally run by separate engines. 

 The bagasse, with few exceptions, is still carried to the furnaces in carts 

 and fed to the furnaces by hand. A few multi tubular boilers have 

 been introduced. The juice from the mills is more often run up di- 

 rectly to the defecators. The upright triple effect seems to be the 

 most popular. There are a number of copper vacuum pans still in use 

 and doing excellent work. Massecuite is handled in different ways; 

 in some factories it is run into large tanks, and allowed to crystallize; 

 then it is shovelled into boxes by hand and emptied into the centrif- 

 ugals. In other factories, it is run into massecuite cars and allowed 

 to cool; then it is dumped into a reservoir from which the centrifugals 

 are charged. The sacks holding from 225 to 230 Ibs. (Eug.) of sugar, 

 are filled either by hand or from a shoot. 



When the price of alcohol warrants, alcohol is made from the waste 

 molasses. Some of the estates are equipped with good fermenting 

 rooms and modern Coffey stills. The alcohol is stilled over in two 

 grades one of 40 degrees which is sold as alcohol and is about 

 95% alcohol, and the other, of 30 degrees which is sold as rum. 

 The Government has an insight and control over the working of this* 

 department and the estate that wishes to make it must conform to 

 the regulations. 



By the gradual merging of the small estates into the larger ones, 

 the number of estates and factories has been reduced. The following 

 list, taken from the Boletin de la Sociedad de Agricultura, includes 

 most of the factories and estates that were in existence in 1903: 



Shipping Port. Factories and Estates. 



Tuman. Cayaltf. Pomalca. Patapo & 

 Tulape. Pucala. Almendral. 



Pacasmay o. Lu ri fico. 



