f icund at a central factory which may be an entirely independent or- 

 ganization. There are various arrangements between the planter and" 

 the factory. The cane grower delivers his cane to the factory; the 

 factory grinds the cane, manufactures the sugar therefrom and takes 

 for his pay 35$ of the sugar and alcohol the 65$ being the plant- 

 er's share. Some factories cut, transport, grind and manufacture the 

 cane and receive 50 to 54$ ot the sugar and alcohol for their share. 

 In some contracts it is stipulated that the juice must not register a 

 density below a given degree Beau me*. Another arrangement which 

 seems to be gaining favor is for the factory to buy the cane on the 

 basis of a sliding scale which is controlled by the degree Beaurne of 

 the juice, and by the prevailing market price of sugar in Liverpool. 

 These different arrangement*! ate of course modified somewhat accord- 

 ing to local conditions and the pleasure of those interested. 



The early estates manufactured sugar and alcohol for both export 

 and home consumption. Many of them had a capacity of no more 

 than 12 to 20 tons of sugar per day, or, say, 150 to 220 tons of cane 

 in the 15 hours; but when it is remembered that they could grind 

 throughout the year if necessary, the total amount of sugar that could 

 be turned out from such an estate was considerable. Refineries were 

 erected in connection with some of the factories for making the 

 granulated white, cube, and loaf sugar. Both rum and alcohol were 

 made from the waste molasses. 



Chanc-aca. Chancaca is the sugar from the juice boiled down in 

 open pans t<> the consistency of the massecuite. It is then run into 

 molds about six inches in diameter and allowed to cool; it is then tied 

 up in cane leaves and is sold for local consumption, bringing a good 

 price. Factories were constructed solely for the manufacture of this 

 product, and many of the sugar factories had a department for it. Ifc 

 is interesting to note that in the manufacture of chancaca, the "mass" 

 is sometimes stirred by a revolving apparatus to promote hardness. 

 This same process modified, is our present crystallization in movement. 



The factories erected at this time were equipped with three roller 

 mills, an open juice evaporator, small pan, bottom pulley centrifugals, 

 massecuite cars on trucks or large wooden or iron massecuite tanks. 

 The engines used for propelling the mill were often of the walking 

 beam tvpe. The bagasse was carried out in carts from the conductor, 

 dumped in an open field, allowed to dry, and then fed to the furnaces. 

 Where water was available, the crushing plant was sometimes IUD 

 by water power. 



