Science and Industry 



barriers, becomes international. As means of 

 communication and modes of preserving natural 

 products improve, effective world- markets are 

 established, not only for durable and costly goods 

 in universal demand, such as the precious metals 

 and the more expensive luxuries, but for the 

 grains, meats, fruits, and other foods, for the 

 ordinary materials and production of the textile 

 trades, and for large numbers of other materials 

 which enter into the standard of consumption of 

 the people in all civilised nations. 



The industrial world itself, as a single economic 

 system, is reorganised by science on a larger and 

 more complex scale. Large new tracts of land 

 and populations, formerly outside world com- 

 merce, are continually annexed : the development 

 of railroad and steamship routes strengthens and 

 regularises contacts which were slight and casual, 

 improved systems of commercial intelligence and 

 of finance impart an increased unity to the world 

 of commerce. 



But the increased volume and facility of material 

 commerce throughout the world are not the 

 most significant achievements of modern in- 

 dustrial science. The growing internationalisa- 

 tion of capital and labour is playing a still larger 

 part in the consolidation of the economic system 

 on a world basis. Free capital and free labour, 

 flowing over the face of the earth, seeking the 

 most remunerative employment, represent a vast 

 exploring force making for the fullest exploitation 

 of the natural resources of the world, and destined 



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