Science and Citizenship 



as he is apt somewhat wearisomely to remind us, 

 are those of observation and classification, by com- 

 parison, generalisation, prediction, and verification 

 by return to the concrete. To put it most briefly, 

 the method of science differs from the method of 

 other orders of thought in the necessity for arrang- 

 ing the various stages of investigation in such a 

 way that two possibilities are always open. In the 

 first place, it must be possible for every member 

 of the scientific fraternity, present and future, to 

 retrace and repeat every vital step in any and every 

 investigation, from simple concrete observation right 

 up to the largest generalisation. In the second place, 

 it must be possible to return from the largest 

 generalisation or the loftiest aspiration back to the 

 concrete facts of nature, by a continuous series 

 of steps, by an unbroken chain of evidence. This 

 is the sacred Way of science. In most, if not all, 

 the great religions of the East a peculiar sanctity 

 attaches to the conception of the "way." That a 

 mystic flavour should cling to Methodology will 

 not therefore be surprising to those who hold that 

 science is a culture-form of natural religion. 



X 



Having provisionally agreed upon our scientific 

 criterion, we have two hundred and thirty-six 

 definitive objects that exist in space and time under 

 the designation of " City." From this proposition it 

 follows that adequate precautions being taken cities 

 can be seen. It is true that to see even a single 



241 Q 



