Science in Public Affairs 



of an incipient Spiritual Power ? A full stock- 

 taking of resources would here disclose a con- 

 siderable number of working formulae, which 

 resume a vast mass of experience as to the 

 origin, growth, and decay of various forms of 

 spiritual power. 



But for the present purpose the following gene- 

 ralisations especially serve, viz. : 



I. That Spiritual Powers in the course of their 

 historical development gradually conceive and for- 

 mulate a Social Ideal, and this Social Ideal tends 

 to be in conflict with the existing Temporal Power. 



II. That each Spiritual Power tends to develop 

 two types of organised community a type pre- 

 dominantly passive and contemplative, and a type 

 predominantly active and militant. 



III. That the active type of Spiritual community 

 endeavours to generate a congruent form of Tem- 

 poral Power as the material embodiment and mun- 

 dane expression of its particular Social Ideal. 



IV. That in this endeavour various institutions 

 are developed, which help to determine each era of 

 city development, both in respect of buildings and 

 of civic policy. 



XXIII 



The conflict and interaction between temporal 

 and spiritual ideals in the history of Western 

 Europe during the Christian period is, of course, 

 one of the commonplaces of social discussion. 

 But the detailed influences and reactions, especi- 

 ally on city development, of the respective ideals 



268 



