Science and Citizenship 



which are essentially Regular orders of an in- 

 cipient Spiritual Power,- and as such they are 

 silently preparing a great moral revolution. Where 

 are we to look for the Secular orders who will 

 be their active instruments of temporal change ? 

 The occupations concerned with the biological or 

 organic side of civilisation are, of course, those of 

 peasant and farmer, of gardener and stock-raiser, 

 along with medical doctors and surgeons, not to 

 mention the herbalists and the nurses, the barbers 

 and the hairdressers, the gymnasts and all the 

 lower and older groups of occupations, from and 

 through which the medical profession has risen 

 to its present summit. Which amongst all these 

 are the Secular orders of science, and which the 

 empirical survivals of a pre-scientific age ? To 

 answer that, we must first ask what is the special 

 vision of the world which animates the biologist ? 

 and further, we must ask what militant groups are 

 there whom this vision stimulates into practical 

 activity ? The biologist, like other scientists, has 

 his cosmic and his humanist mood. In the former 

 he sees an endless chain of developing life be- 

 ginning he knows not how or why, and tending 

 he knows not whither. In his humanist mood he 

 sees the same unbroken chain that links together 

 the whole series of organic beings ; but now sees 

 in it evidence at every point, from lowest to highest, 

 of the promise and the potency of a supreme cul- 

 mination. And in the most beautiful and noblest 

 of human beings he sees a form which, by taking 

 thought, the whole race may reach and surpass. 



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