Science and Citizenship 



work towards the realisation of the corresponding 

 ideals ? In reply, little can be said at the close 

 of an already prolonged paper. The sociologist 

 in his naturalist mood sees the city as successive 

 strata of wreckage and survivals of past phases in 

 the endlessly-changing antics of a building and 

 hibernating mammalian species. In his humanist 

 mood he sees somewhat dimly, it must be con- 

 fessed the city as the culminating and continuous 

 effort of the race to determine the mastery of its 

 fate, to achieve a spiritual theatre for the free play 

 of the highest racial ideals. In short, the cities 

 of the world are in this view but processes of 

 realising the spiritual potency of the human race. 

 They are the true homes of Humanity. And it 

 is just here that science whose mission it is 

 to fulfil, and not to destroy reveals to us the 

 germ of truth in the popular sentiment, which 

 insists that the essential characteristic of the city 

 resides in the University and the Cathedral. The 

 truth, to be sure, is that it is the presence of 

 functional institutions of the highest spiritual 

 type, whether or not we call them University 

 and Cathedral, that differentiates the city from 

 the town. It follows that the civic policy of our 

 Secular sociologists if we have any must be con- 

 cerned with the city as itself a cultural potency, 

 and with the whole body of citizens as individuals 

 responsive to the creative influences of the spiri- 

 tual ideals, active or latent, in drama and poetry, 

 in art and music, in history and science, in philo- 

 sophy and religion. The most comprehensive, 



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